Interstitial cystitis: an enigmatic disorder of unclear aetiology

Moutzouris, Dimitrios-Anestis; Vliagoftis, Harissios; Falagas, Matthew E.

doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfn014

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

(85 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, prevalence is much higher when diagnosis is based on selfreport of previous PBS/IC diagnosis (501-865/100,000 patients) (9); prevalence of PBS/IC symptoms is even higher when estimated by the use of questionnaire without clinical examination (10,11) (450 -11,200/100,000 patients). PBS/IC is more common in women, with a female/male ratio that ranges from 5:1 to 10:1 (12). Median age at diagnosis is 42 to 46 yr old (13), whereas men are diagnosed at a younger age (7).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial Cystitis

Moutzouris

Falagas

2009

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by vague bladder pain and nonspecific urinary symptoms, such as urgency and frequency. Although it was initially considered to be a rare condition, its prevalence has significantly increased, possibly because of different definitions used and greater physician awareness. Because of the multiple diagnostic criteria used, there is significant variation in its prevalence. In addition, there is often a delay in the diagnosis of PBS/IC. It affects predominantly women of middle age, and it significantly decreases quality of life. Diagnosis of PBS/IC is mainly a diagnosis of exclusion; there are no characteristic symptoms or pathognomonic findings. Therefore, it is important to rule out diseases that have a similar clinical picture (i.e., urinary infections, bladder carcinoma) but definite therapies and worse prognosis if left untreated. PBS/IC management suffers from lack of evidence; many therapies are empiric or based on small studies and case series. Treatment includes supportive therapies (psychosocial, behavioral, physical), oral treatments, and intravesical treatments, whereas other more invasive treatments such as electric neuromodulation and reconstructive surgery are reserved for refractory cases. Physicians should always keep in mind the diagnosis of PBS/IC in patients presenting with chronic urinary symptoms after excluding other more common diseases.

show abstract