Interstate and Intrastate Dynamics in Southeast Asia's War on Terror

Tan, See Seng; Ramakrishna, Kumar

doi:10.1353/sais.2004.0022

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Within the forum of Southeast Asian intergovernmental cooperation on combating transnational terrorism, ASEAN has evolved intraregional and extra‐regional security and diplomatic machinery—for instance, with the European Union—to help member states interdict terror threats (Chow, ; Heiduk, ; Tan & Ramakrishna, ). Improving cross‐border control has been one of ASEAN’s priorities in regional counterterrorism.…”

Section: The Complex Social and Political Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consequence of Ethical Criticism of Intelligence on Countering Terrorism in Indonesia

Wicaksana¹

2019

Asian Politics and Policy

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The global war on terror has raised debates between liberals and realists on the position of ethics in intelligence operations. On the one hand, liberal ethicists insist that the conduct of intelligence gathering to counter terrorism must not violate the security rights of citizens. On the other hand, proponents of realism consider national security to be of greater importance than ethical principles governing individual freedom. This article tries to present an alternative point of view by examining the consequence of ethical criticisms of intelligence activities on the Indonesian government’s counterterrorism measures. It proposes two approaches to understanding the connection between ethics and intelligence: examining the nature of the terror threat, and looking at the sociopolitical situations which affect the role of the state’s security agencies. Arguably, securitizing intelligence by enforcing an ethical reconceptualization of intelligence roles increases the challenges facing Indonesia’s intelligence operatives and damages the effectiveness of the government’s counterterrorism policy.

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Section: The Complex Social and Political Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consequence of Ethical Criticism of Intelligence on Countering Terrorism in Indonesia

Wicaksana¹

2019

Asian Politics and Policy

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“…Shpiro, 2001;Sims, 2006;Tan & Ramakrishna, 2004). 678 journal of PEACE RESEARCH 48 (5) Using the USIIB dataset, the question was therefore posed whether, in the 2000-06 period, the United States was more likely to cooperate on intelligence matters with democratic states.…”

Section: Applying the Usiib Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying intelligence cooperation: The United States International Intelligence Behavior (USIIB) dataset

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Tüzüner

2011

Journal of Peace Research

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This report describes the creation of the United States International Intelligence Behavior dataset (USIIB). The USIIB represents the first collection of event data specifically intended for exploring in a quantifiable manner the international intelligence cooperation behaviors of the United States. A total of 293,615 events are recorded in the USIIB, covering the years 2000-09. The report first provides a detailed description of the steps involved in building such a dataset, including the development of search terms, the use of a machine coding program (TABARI -Text Analysis by Augmenting Replacement Instructions) to extract data from wire news releases, and the extension of an existing coding scheme (CAMEO) to include intelligence behaviors. Following a discussion of issues related to the reliability and validity of event datasets in general and the USIIB in particular, the report then includes suggestions and examples for how the data in the current USIIB dataset may be used in order to add to our understandings of patterns and anomalies in international intelligence cooperation behavior. As a specific example, it offers results from an empirical test exploring variation in intelligence cooperation behaviors among democracies and non-democracies, asking specifically whether the United States has been more likely in the early 21st century to cooperate on intelligence matters with democratic states, and finding this not to have been the case. Finally, it aims to provide a guide for others who would like to extend this dataset to explore intelligence cooperation activity of other countries or regions.

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“…Although the phrases were originally targeted at pirates and maritime terrorists, they could just as easily stoke the fears of naval commanders from the coastal states. Indeed, there is wide acceptance that ASEAN's negative Downloaded by [Columbia University] at 08:51 27 November 2014 R. He: Coast guards and maritime piracy 677 response to US suggestions for cooperation against piracy and terrorism was due to the highly militarized counter-terrorism strategy pursued by the US (Tan and Ramakrishna 2004).…”

Section: The Navy's Difficulty At Forging Extraregional Cooperationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coast guards and maritime piracy: sailing past the impediments to cooperation in Asia

2009

The Pacific Review

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Despite the efforts of the past decade, maritime piracy remains of international concern today. Countries need to cooperate actively at both the regional and international levels to eradicate the problem effectively. In particular, the nature of the threat in the Asia-Pacific region suggests that coastal statescountries that possess sovereignty over the pirate-infested waters but lack the lawenforcement resources -have to turn to resource-rich extra-regional powers for assistance. Unfortunately, cooperation between such disparate countries has traditionally been impeded by sovereignty sensitivities, as best exemplified by Malaysia's and Indonesia's hostile responses to the United States' Regional Maritime Security Initiative in 2003. Faced with this apparent dilemma, a new phenomenon has emerged. National coast guard agencies, instead of their military naval counterparts, have become attractive alternatives for promoting international cooperation against non-traditional security threats, such as maritime piracy. Spearheaded by the Japanese Coast Guard (JCG), coast guards from various countries have imparted training expertise, conducted joint exercises, hosted low-publicity multilateral meetings, and even transferred security equipment across international borders. Together they have succeeded in promoting cooperation without arousing the sovereignty sensitivities often associated with such cooperation. This article analyzes the evolution of coast guard cooperation in Asia, highlighting in particular the Japanese Coast Guard's success in this endeavor. With the general alignment of regional and global power interests in Southeast Asia, coast guard agencies hold promise for extra-regional powers wishing to help eradicate maritime piracy in the region.

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Interstate and Intrastate Dynamics in Southeast Asia's War on Terror

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

The Consequence of Ethical Criticism of Intelligence on Countering Terrorism in Indonesia

The Consequence of Ethical Criticism of Intelligence on Countering Terrorism in Indonesia

Quantifying intelligence cooperation: The United States International Intelligence Behavior (USIIB) dataset

Coast guards and maritime piracy: sailing past the impediments to cooperation in Asia

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