INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION IN NICOTIANA. II. A TETRAPLOID <i>GLUTINOSA-TABACUM</i> HYBRID, AN EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF WINGE'S HYPOTHESIS

Clausen, R. E.; Goodspeed, T. H.

doi:10.1093/genetics/10.3.278

Cited by 154 publications

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“…Several works from this time period showed particular foresight, providing a framework for studying the ecology of polyploids that would stand for many years. Foremost among these is Øjvind Winge's description of allopolyploids as 'constant species hybrids' that exhibit intermediacy to diploid progenitors in their phenotypic traits, environmental tolerances and geographical distributions [16,[39][40][41]. Because chromosomes contributed by different species (homeologous chromosomes) rarely or never interact during meiosis (allosyndesis), Winge suggested that allopolyploids are locked into a state of permanent hybridity that has the 'quality of pure species'-in contrast to diploid hybrids, which if fertile segregate for parental traits in F 2 and backcross generations.…”

Section: Early Conceptions By Geneticists Who First Described Polyploidy (1910s-1930s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

248

237

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Polyploidy is a mutation with profound phenotypic consequences and thus hypothesized to have transformative effects in plant ecology. This is most often considered in the context of geographical and environmental distributions—as achieved from divergence of physiological and life-history traits—but may also include species interactions and biological invasion. This paper presents a historical overview of hypotheses and empirical data regarding the ecology of polyploids. Early researchers of polyploidy (1910s–1930s) were geneticists by training but nonetheless savvy to its phenotypic effects, and speculated on the importance of genome duplication to adaptation and crop improvement. Cytogenetic studies in the 1930s–1950s indicated that polyploids are larger (sturdier foliage, thicker stems and taller stature) than diploids while cytogeographic surveys suggested that polyploids and diploids have allopatric or parapatric distributions. Although autopolyploidy was initially regarded as common, influential writings by North American botanists in the 1940s and 1950s argued for the principle role of allopolyploidy; according to this view, genome duplication was significant for providing a broader canvas for hybridization rather than for its phenotypic effects per se . The emphasis on allopolyploidy had a chilling effect on nascent ecological work, in part due to taxonomic challenges posed by interspecific hybridization. Nonetheless, biosystematic efforts over the next few decades (1950s–1970s) laid the foundation for ecological research by documenting cytotype distributions and identifying phenotypic correlates of polyploidy. Rigorous investigation of polyploid ecology was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s by population biologists who leveraged flow cytometry for comparative work in autopolyploid complexes. These efforts revealed multi-faceted ecological and phenotypic differences, some of which may be direct consequences of genome duplication. Several classical hypotheses about the ecology of polyploids remain untested, however, and allopolyploidy—regarded by most botanists as the primary mode of genome duplication—is largely unstudied in an ecological context.

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Section: Early Conceptions By Geneticists Who First Described Polyploidy (1910s-1930s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

248

237

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“…Very little is known of merogony in plants. East (1934) cites a few cases obtained more or less fortuitously after crossing by Kostoff (1929), Clausen and Goodspeed (1925), Clausen and Lammertz (1929), and Nawaschin (1927), none showing any cytoplasmic influence.…”

Section: The Activation Of the Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological genetics

Goldschmidt¹

1938

224

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“…It is to be noted, however, that the 12 chromosome species have a large number of U-shaped and very long chromosomes. WINGE'S (1917) theoretical interpretation of the origin of new forms by the reduplication of all the chromosomes of two species after hybridization is probably important in connection with Nicotiana species (CLAUSEN and GOODSPEED 1925). The morphological appearance of certain related Nicotiana species indicates that they have a common origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological Studies in the Genus Nicotiana

Christoff

1928

Genetics

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INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION IN NICOTIANA. II. A TETRAPLOID GLUTINOSA-TABACUM HYBRID, AN EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF WINGE'S HYPOTHESIS

Cited by 154 publications

References 0 publications

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Physiological genetics

Cytological Studies in the Genus Nicotiana

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