Interspecific Competition Between Drosophila Melanogaster and Drosophila Simulans: Effects of Larval Density on Viability, Developmental Period and Adult Body Weight

Barker, J. S. F.; Podger, R. N.

doi:10.2307/1933654

Cited by 74 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…3). Most eggto-adult viabilities reported here are between 60% and 80%, which corresponds to the range typically seen in laboratory lines of Drosophila, especially considering that these flies have been maintained as inbred lines for a significant amount of time and that the F 1 flies are sib-mated (e.g., Barker and Podger 1970;Poinsot and Merçot 1997;Van 'T Land et al 1999;Hercus and Hoffmann 2000;Kern et al 2001;Charlesworth et al 2004;Rodríguez-Ramilo et al 2004). Furthermore, while egg-to-adult viability is technically large enough to account for the observed deviations, differences in male/female viability would have to be dramatic to gen-erate the observed results.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Evidence of Susceptibility and Resistance to Cryptic X-Linked Meiotic Drive in Natural Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster

2005

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Abstract. There is mounting evidence consistent with a general role of positive selection acting on the Drosophila melanogaster X-chromosome. However, this positive selection need not necessarily arise from forces that are adaptive to the organism. Nonadaptive meiotic drive may exist on the X-chromosome and contribute to forces of selection. Females from a reference D. melanogaster line, containing the X-linked marker white, were crossed to males from 49 isofemale lines established from seven African and five non-African natural populations to detect naturally occurring meiotic drive. Several lines exhibited a departure from expected Mendelian transmission of X-chromosomes to the third generation (F 2 ) offspring, particularly those from hybrid African male parents. F 2 viability was not correlated with skewed chromosomal inheritance. However, a significant difference in viability between cosmopolitan and tropical African crosses was observed. Recombination analysis supports the presence of a male-acting meiotic drive element near the centromeric region of the X-chromosome and putative recessive autosomal drive suppression. There is also evidence of another female-acting drive element linked to white. The possible role meiotic drive may contribute in shaping levels of genetic variation in D. melanogaster, and additional ways to test this hypothesis are discussed.Key words. Adaptation, Drosophila melanogaster, meiotic drive, positive selection, sex ratio, viability, X-chromosome.Received January 11, 2005. Accepted March 20, 2005 Prior to the 1970s, meiotic drive was widely documented in Drosophila species, including D. melanogaster, and was generally appreciated to be a potent evolutionary force with the capacity to impact patterns of genetic variation in natural populations . Since the early 1990s, molecular evidence of the widespread role of selection in D. melanogaster and other species has accumulated (for reviews, see Andolfatto 2001a; Aquadro et al. 2001; Schlöt-terer 2002). Several investigations have found evidence consistent with positive selection, sometimes population specific, on the D. melanogaster X-chromosome (e.g., Aquadro 1992, 1994;Aguadé 1999;Begun and Whitley 2000;Langley et al. 2000;Andolfatto 2001b;Andolfatto and Przeworski 2001;Glinka et al. 2003; Kauer et al. 2003a,b). Despite this early understanding of meiotic drive and mounting evidence for frequent positive selection, in recent decades the role meiotic drive may play in contributing to the effects of positive selection within and between populations has largely been ignored (with some exceptions; e.g., Palopoli and Wu 1996;Malik and Henikoff 2001;Derome et al. 2004). Rather than considering selfish genetic elements, explicit or implicit conclusions that evidence of selective-sweeps reflects organismal adaptation, perhaps to novel environments, have often been made. Here we revisit the potential role meiotic drive has as an evolutionary force and test for the frequency of susceptibility to X-linked meiotic drive in natural populations...

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The possible effects of larval crowding (Alpatov 1930;Barker and Podger 1970;Roper et al 1996), measured as the inverse of the number of adults scored from a single bottle, was not correlated with female proportions (r 2 ϭ 1.66 ϫ 10 Ϫ7 , P ϭ 0.998).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evidence of Susceptibility and Resistance to Cryptic X-Linked Meiotic Drive in Natural Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster

2005

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“…The bottles were 200-ml bottles containing 35 ml of the standard oatmealsugar-yeast-agar medium. The level of larval density was moderate and within the range considered to be optimal for developing D. melanogaster cultures (Barker and Podger 1970) in all bottles. The number of flies emerging from the bottles was not significantly different across the three treatments (noninbred: 356 6 6, fast inbreeding: 387 6 11; slow inbreeding: 357 6 28).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Inbreeding by Environmental Interactions Affect Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Sørensen²,

et al. 2006

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Genomewide gene expression patterns were investigated in inbred and noninbred Drosophila melanogaster lines under benign and stressful (high temperature) environmental conditions in a highly replicated experiment using Affymetrix gene chips. We found that both heat-shock protein and metabolism genes are strongly affected by temperature stress and that genes involved in metabolism are differentially expressed in inbred compared with noninbred lines, and that this effect is accentuated after heat stress exposure. Furthermore we show that inbreeding and temperature stress cause increased between-line variance in gene expression patterns. We conclude that inbreeding and environmental stress both independently and synergistically affect gene expression patterns. Interactions between inbreeding and the environment are often observed at the phenotypic level and our results reveal some of the genes that are involved at the individual gene level. Our observation of several metabolism genes being differentially expressed in inbred lines and more so after exposure to temperature stress, together with lower fitness in the investigated inbred lines, supports the hypothesis that superiority of heterozygous individuals partly derives from increased metabolic efficiency.

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“…Indeed, Comfort (1968) has argued that 'the only likely way of prolonging vigour will prove to be through stretching the development programme as a whole'. The developmental period of Drosophila can be prolonged through manipulation of temperature (Powsner, 1935) and larval density (Barker & Podger, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the developmental theory of ageing. II. The effect of developmental temperature on longevity in relation to adult body size in D. melanogaster

1992

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Flies from a wild type strain of Drosophila melanogaster, previously kept at 25°C, were reared at either 20, 25 or 29°C. As expected, developmental time and adult body size decreased with increasing temperature. Adult longevity of flies reared at 25°C was slightly greater than that of flies raised at 20 or 29°C when measured at all three temperatures. This may reflect the laboratory history of the strain. On the whole, it appeared that longevity was independent of adult body size. These results support our previous conclusion (Zwaan et a!., 1991) that developmental time and body size are not causally related to longevity in 'environmental' studies. It is stressed, that genetic analysis is needed to investigate the reputed correlation between development and ageing.

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Interspecific Competition Between Drosophila Melanogaster and Drosophila Simulans: Effects of Larval Density on Viability, Developmental Period and Adult Body Weight

Cited by 74 publications

References 51 publications

Evidence of Susceptibility and Resistance to Cryptic X-Linked Meiotic Drive in Natural Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster

Evidence of Susceptibility and Resistance to Cryptic X-Linked Meiotic Drive in Natural Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster

Inbreeding by Environmental Interactions Affect Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster

On the developmental theory of ageing. II. The effect of developmental temperature on longevity in relation to adult body size in D. melanogaster

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