Interruption of the circulation of an indigenous measles genotype and the introduction of other genotypes after a mass vaccination campaign in the Philippines

Fuji, Naoko; Suzuki, Akira; Saito, Mariko; Centeno, Rex; Galang, Hazel; Lupisan, Socorro; Olveda, Remigio M.; Oshitan, Hitoshi

doi:10.1002/jmv.22103

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The sequence analysis of MV strains has confirmed that certain D9 strains in Japan have the identical N450 nucleotide sequences to the Philippine D9 strains (Centeno et al, 2015). The D9 strains were first detected in the Philippines in 2007 and have been predominant until 2012 in the Philippines (Fuji et al, 2011; Centeno et al, 2015; Takashima et al, 2015). Outbreaks between 2010 and 2011 in the Philippines were presumably caused by several D9 strains with different N450 sequences (Centeno et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

et al. 2019

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Genotyping evidence that supports the interruption of endemic measles virus (MV) transmission is one of the essential criteria to be verified in achieving measles elimination. In Japan since 2014, MV genotype analyses have been performed for most of the measles cases in prefectural public health institutes nationwide. With this strong molecular epidemiological data, Japan was verified to have eliminated measles in March, 2015. However, even in the postelimination era, sporadic cases and small outbreaks of measles have been detected repeatedly in Japan. This study investigated the nationwide molecular epidemiology of MV between 2008 and 2017. The 891 strains in the total period between 2008 and 2017 belonged to seven genotypes (D5, D4, D9, H1, G3, B3, and D8) and 124 different MV sequence variants, based on the 450-nucleotide sequence region of the N gene (N450). The 311 MV strains in the postelimination era between 2015 and 2017 were classified into 1, 7, 8, and 32 different N450 sequence variants in D9, H1, B3, and D8 genotypes, respectively. Analysis of the detection period of the individual N450 sequence variants showed that the majority of MV strains were detected only for a short period. However, MV strains, MVs/Osaka.JPN/29.15/ [D8] and MVi/Hulu Langat.MYS/26.11/ [D8], which are named strains designated by World Health Organization (WHO), have been detected in many cases over 2 or 3 years between 2015 and 2017. The WHO-named strains have circulated worldwide, causing outbreaks in many countries. Epidemiological investigation revealed repeated importation of these WHO-named strains into Japan. To demonstrate the elimination status (interruption of endemic transmission) in situations with repeated importation of the same strains is challenging. Nevertheless, the detailed sequence analysis of individual MV strains and chronological analysis of these strains provided sufficient evidence to show that Japan has still maintained its measles elimination status in 2017.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

et al. 2019

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“…5,[19][20][21][22] For example, re-emergence of measles after a mass vaccination program in the Philippines was shown to be accompanied by disappearance of the previously circulating genotype and introduction of a new MeV genotype. 23 Similarly, genotyping data showed that indigenous MeV transmission was interrupted in several European countries in 2007, although 3 endemic transmission chains were re-established in other countries 24 Based on WHO recommendations, the N450 region is widely used for MeV genotyping. 25 In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of 82 N-450 sequences from the 2013-2014 outbreak showed that all the sequences were genotype H1a, which is the most endemic genotype in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Wild Type Measles Virus from Adult Patients in Northern China, 2014

Zhang

Qin

et al. 2016

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…A comparison of MV genotype data and the relevant countries over time indicated that dynamic changes in MV genotypes occurred in Taiwan and its neighboring countries. The major measles genotype in the Philippines was D3 before 2007, but shifted to D9 and G3 from 2007 to 2009 [Fuji et al, ; Rota et al, ], D9 from 2010 to 2012, and B3 from 2013 to 2014 [Takashima et al, ]. Meanwhile, the major genotypes in Indonesia were G3 and D9 before 2009 [Feng et al, ; Rota et al, ], and in 2014, two cases of genotype D8 (cases 22 and 29) featured a travel history to Indonesia (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles surveillance in Taiwan, 2012–2014: Changing epidemiology, immune response, and circulating genotypes

Cheng

Wang

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Virology

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In Taiwan, although the coverage rate of two doses of measles-containing vaccine has been maintained at over 95% since 2001, measles outbreaks occurred in 2002, 2009, and 2011. The present study reports that 43 cases were confirmed by laboratory testing in Taiwan in 2012-2014 and that adults have emerged as one of groups susceptible to measles virus (MV) infection, who may have discrepant humoral immune reactions--indicated by the level of IgM and IgG antibodies compared to a naïve, susceptible measles case. Thirty-seven of 43 cases confirmed by RT-PCR were further characterized by genotyping. In Taiwan, genotype H1 was the major strain in circulation prior to 2010, while D9 was the most frequently detected MV genotype between 2010 and 2011. The genotyping data collected between 2012 and 2014 revealed that H1 rebounded in 2012 after an absence in 2011 and was imported from China and Vietnam. In 2014, genotype B3 first appeared in Taiwan following import from the Philippines and became the most frequently detected strain. Genotype D8, linked to importation from various countries, including India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, showed sequence divergence. D9 was imported from Malaysia in 2014. The MV genotypes detected in Taiwan reflected the genotypes of circulating endemic measles strains in neighboring countries. A significant rise in the number of measles cases and in measles with genotypes imported from surrounding countries indicated that measles resurged in Asia in 2014.

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Interruption of the circulation of an indigenous measles genotype and the introduction of other genotypes after a mass vaccination campaign in the Philippines

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

Molecular Characterization of Wild Type Measles Virus from Adult Patients in Northern China, 2014

Measles surveillance in Taiwan, 2012–2014: Changing epidemiology, immune response, and circulating genotypes

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