Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

Seki, Fumio; Miyoshi, Masahiro; Ikeda, Tatsuya; Nishihara, Haruna; Saikusa, Miwako; Itamochi, Masae; Minagawa, Hiroko; Kurata, Takako; Ootomo, Rei; Kajiwara, Jumboku; Kato, Takashi; Komase, Katsuhiro; Tanaka‐Taya, Keiko; Sunagawa, Tomimasa; Oishi, Kazunori; Okabe, Nobuhiko; Kimura, Hirokazu; Suga, Shigeru; Kozawa, Kunihisa; Otsuki, Noriyuki; Mori, Yoshio; Shirabe, Komei; Takeda, Makoto

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01470

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In this study, the results of phylogenetic analysis revealed two main sub-genotypes (3.1 and 3.2) of MeV B3's H gene, as reported previously [19,31,32], and the minimum genetic distance between the proposed B3 sub-genotypes (1.51%) did not match the 2.0% diversity threshold for assigning a new genotype. Based on the N450 gene, MeV B3 can be divided into three lineages [33,34]. In our analysis, sub-genotype 3.2 can be further divided into non-400V strains and a 400V clade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterizations and Molecular Evolution of the Measles Virus Genotype B3’s Hemagglutinin (H) Gene in the Elimination Era

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Measles virus (MeV) genotype B3 is one globally significant circulating genotype. Here, we present a systematic description of long-term evolutionary characterizations of the MeV genotype B3’s hemagglutinin (H) gene in the elimination era. Our results show that the B3 H gene can be divided into two main sub-genotypes, and the highest intra-genotypic diversity was observed in 2004. MeV genotype B3’s H gene diverged in 1976; its overall nucleotide substitution rate is estimated to be 5.697 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year, and is slowing down. The amino acid substitution rate of genotype B3’s H gene is also decreasing, and the mean effective population size has been in a downward trend since 2000. Selection pressure analysis only recognized a few sites under positive selection, and the number of positive selection sites is getting smaller. All of these observations may reveal that genotype B3’s H gene is not under strong selection pressure, and is becoming increasingly conservative. MeV H-gene or whole-genome sequencing should be routine, so as to better elucidate the molecular epidemiology of MeV in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterizations and Molecular Evolution of the Measles Virus Genotype B3’s Hemagglutinin (H) Gene in the Elimination Era

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Genotypes B3 and D8 were two widely distributed genotypes identified in 2018 and 2019 from countries all over the world [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. When multiple importations with identical N-450 sequences made it difficult to clarify the transmission chain, the use of N450 for molecular epidemiological analysis was not recommended but should rather be used to confirm or rule out epidemiological linkage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characteristics of Measles Viruses Isolated in Taiwan between 2015 and 2020

Cheng

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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A genetic analysis of circulating measles virus (MeV) provides strong evidence of an interruption in endemic measles and supports the elimination status of this disease. This study investigated 219 MeVs isolated between 2015 and 2020. Based on the 450 nucleotide sequences of the nucleoprotein gene (N-450), three genotypes of the H1, D8 and B3 with 8, 18 and 6 different N-450 sequences, respectively, were identified. The H1 genotype virus has not circulated in Taiwan since 2017, and the D8 and B3 genotype MeVs became dominant between 2018 and 2019. Different D8 genotype variants were imported from neighboring countries, and the majority of MeV variants were detected only for a short period. However, MVs/Gir Somnath.IND/42.16[D8], a named strain designated by the World Health Organization (WHO), was detected over 2 years. To explore whether the endemic transmission of measles has been underestimated, another sequence window of the hypervariable, noncoding regions between the matrix (M) and fusion (F) genes (MF-NCR) was introduced to clarify the transmission chain. From the chronological sequence analysis of MeVs with N-450 and MF-NCR sequence windows, no endemic MeV variants lasted over 4 weeks, providing strong evidence to support the contention that Taiwan has reached the status for measles elimination.

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“…The phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 103 MeV strains including the 22 strains from the Zhoushan Islands in 2019, a WHO D8 reference strain, 22 WHO-named strains, 49 D8 strains detected in China, and 10 strains which had the closest proximity to the Zhoushan Islands in the initial blast analysis. The measles virus D8 genotype was classified into two groups, D8.1 cluster and D8.2 cluster ( 25 ). The D8.1 cluster was further divided into three sub-clusters (D8.1a, D8.1b, and D8.1c) and the D8.2 cluster was divided into two further sub-clusters (D8.2a and D8.2b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the MeV genotype D8 is endemic in the Indian subcontinent. The genotype of the measles D8 virus has not been identified by WHO, but other research has classified the D8 virus into two genotypes including D8.1 (D8.1a, D8.1b, D8.1c) and D8.2 (D8.2a, D8.2b) ( 25 ). The D8 genotype strains are frequently imported from India into Europe, America, and Asia ( 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation and Virus Tracing of a Measles Outbreak in Zhoushan Islands, China, 2019

Zhang

Chen

Tang

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Background: Measles transmissions due to case importations challenge public health systems globally and herd immunities in all countries. In 2019, an imported measles case and its subsequently outbreak was found in the Zhoushan Islands. Here, the process of epidemiological investigation and virus tracing were summarized to provide references for the prevention and control of measles in the future.Materials and methods: The data on the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical manifestation of measles cases in this outbreak were collected. The 450 bp fragments of the measles virus (MeV) N gene were amplified and sequenced. The genome of the first imported case was further isolated. Then, the maximum-likelihood and time-scaled phylogenetic analysis was conducted.Results: A total of 28 measles cases were confirmed. Their onsets were between March 13 and May 18, 2019. The first patient was from the Ukraine. He was confirmed at the Fever Clinic in Zhoushan hospital on March 15, 2019 and at the same time, another patient had visited the hospital due to another illness and 10 days later, this second case had onset (March 25, 2019). The epidemic curve shows sustained community transmission. The majority of the following cases (19/26) were clustered on the Donggang street which was close to where the second case worked. The 22 measles virus strains successfully isolated from this outbreak all belonged to the D8.2a sub-cluster and clustered with the KY120864/MVs/GirSomnath.IND/42.16/[D8] which was the predominant genotype in the Ukraine during 2018-2019. The analysis of the complete D8 genotype genome pointed to the fact that this prevailing strain originated from India in 2015 and its substitution rate was estimated as 6.91 × 10−4 (5.64–7.98 × 10−4) nucleotide substitutions/site/year.Conclusion: This outbreak was caused by an imported case from the Ukraine. There was a possible nosocomial infection between the first case and the second case. Then, the second case played an important role in the spread of virus due to her occupation. The molecular phylogenetic analysis could help to track the origin of the virus. Increasing and maintaining the high level of vaccination coverage (≥95%) and an efficient response to imported cases are essential to prevent and control the recurrence and outbreak of measles virus.

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Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Genetic Characterizations and Molecular Evolution of the Measles Virus Genotype B3’s Hemagglutinin (H) Gene in the Elimination Era

Genetic Characterizations and Molecular Evolution of the Measles Virus Genotype B3’s Hemagglutinin (H) Gene in the Elimination Era

Genetic Characteristics of Measles Viruses Isolated in Taiwan between 2015 and 2020

Epidemiological Investigation and Virus Tracing of a Measles Outbreak in Zhoushan Islands, China, 2019

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