Interruption of projections from the medial geniculate body to an archi-neostriatal field disrupts the classical conditioning of emotional responses to acoustic stimuli

LeDoux, Joseph E.; Sakaguchi, Akira; Iwata, Jiro; Reis, Donald J.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(86)90034-5

Cited by 197 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…LeDoux's work was concerned with simple classical conditioning in rats, where the onset or presence of an auditory stimulus was associated with an aversive event (e.g. LeDoux & Armony, 1999;LeDoux, Sakaguchi, & Reis, 1984;LeDoux, Sakaguchi, Iwata, & Reis, 1986). LeDoux and co-workers were able to demonstrate a subcortical, thalamo-amygdaloid pathway, which is alone sufficient to promote classical conditioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preattentive face processing: What do visual search experiments with schematic faces tell us?

Horstmann

2007

Visual Cognition

101

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In recent research, several experiments have tested a preattentive threat-advantage hypothesis that threatening or negative faces can be discriminated preattentively, by using the visual search paradigm. However, supporting evidence is nonuniform, giving rise to the suspicion that stimulus factors rather than the stimuli's category of facial threat versus friendliness are responsible for sporadic demonstrations of a threat advantage. However, it is also possible that differences in experimental procedure contribute to the heterogeneous results. To test this possibility I selected examples from the past literature and presented them within the same constant experimental setting. I found a consistent advantage for negative face targets among positive face distractors with all stimulus pairs. Search slopes, however, mostly revealed inefficient search, questioning the preattentive discrimination of facial affect.Preattentive Face Processing 317.06

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preattentive face processing: What do visual search experiments with schematic faces tell us?

Horstmann

2007

Visual Cognition

101

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“…Thalamic medial geniculate and auditory cortical afferents are essential for conditioning to an auditory CS (24,122,233), while projections from the perirhinal cortex are essential for conditioning to a visual CS (24,236,253). Foot-shock unconditioned information is conveyed to the basolateral complex by projections from the posterior parietal insula (IC) and the posterior intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus (PoT/PIL) (253,257).…”

Section: A Basolateral Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

Sah

Faber

Armentia

et al. 2003

Physiological Reviews

1,444

1,336

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Sah, P., E. S. L. Faber, M. Lopez de Armentia, and J. Power. The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology. Physiol Rev 83: 803–834, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00002.2003.—A converging body of literature over the last 50 years has implicated the amygdala in assigning emotional significance or value to sensory information. In particular, the amygdala has been shown to be an essential component of the circuitry underlying fear-related responses. Disorders in the processing of fear-related information are likely to be the underlying cause of some anxiety disorders in humans such as posttraumatic stress. The amygdaloid complex is a group of more than 10 nuclei that are located in the midtemporal lobe. These nuclei can be distinguished both on cytoarchitectonic and connectional grounds. Anatomical tract tracing studies have shown that these nuclei have extensive intranuclear and internuclear connections. The afferent and efferent connections of the amygdala have also been mapped in detail, showing that the amygdaloid complex has extensive connections with cortical and subcortical regions. Analysis of fear conditioning in rats has suggested that long-term synaptic plasticity of inputs to the amygdala underlies the acquisition and perhaps storage of the fear memory. In agreement with this proposal, synaptic plasticity has been demonstrated at synapses in the amygdala in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we examine the anatomical and physiological substrates proposed to underlie amygdala function.

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“…69) and tone paired with stimulation of the MGm induces heterosynaptic long-term potentiation in A1 (REF. 70) and behavioural conditioning 71 ; lesions of the MGm interfere with auditory input to the amygdala during conditioning [72][73][74] ; the MGm develops synaptic plasticity during conditioning and does so with a shorter latency than does the amygdala 65 ; and fear conditioning produces increased presynaptic release of transmitter (glutamate) in MGm cells that project to the LA 75 . Selective lesions of the MGm should impair cortical RF plasticity, although this has not been tested.…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific long-term memory traces in primary auditory cortex

2004

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Learning and memory involve the storage of specific sensory experiences. However, until recently the idea that the primary sensory cortices could store specific memory traces had received little attention. Converging evidence obtained using techniques from sensory physiology and the neurobiology of learning and memory supports the idea that the primary auditory cortex acquires and retains specific memory traces about the behavioural significance of selected sounds. The cholinergic system of the nucleus basalis, when properly engaged, is sufficient to induce both specific memory traces and specific behavioural memory. A contemporary view of the primary auditory cortex should incorporate its mnemonic and other cognitive functions.Identifying the neural substrates of learning and memory is a core problem in neuroscience. As memories involve the representation of past sensory events, they may be stored, in part, within sensory systems. Sensory systems have traditionally been viewed as 'stimulus analysers', with learning and memory assigned to 'higher' cortical regions. Nonetheless, neurophysiological studies have produced evidence for learning-induced plasticity in sensory cortices, and in particular the auditory cortex. Galambos and colleagues first implicated the primary auditory cortex (A1) in learning in 1956, observing that pairing an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) with a weak shock (a mildly aversive unconditioned stimulus (US)) produced a significant increase in the amplitude of CS-elicited evoked field potentials in A1 of the cat 1 . Subsequently, these findings were extended to other tasks (such as discrimination), types of learning (including instrumental conditioning), motivations (for example, food) and types of recording (such as single and multiple unit discharges) 2 .Although such results established associative plasticity in A1, neither they nor similar findings in other sensory cortices addressed the key issue of specificity of information storage. As memories have specific content, how could changes in the magnitude of sensory cortical responses adequately reflect the encoding of specific aspects of experiences? A solution was provided by the field of sensory neurophysiology, which focuses on stimulus specificity. Sensory physiology experiments use a wide range of stimulus values to NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript determine how specific sensory stimuli are processed and coded. In fact, the basic paradigms of sensory physiology and learning are complementary (Box 1).This article presents an overview of research that combines experimental designs from sensory physiology with those of learning and memory to search for specific memory traces in A1. A sign of a specific memory trace would be learning-induced physiological plasticity that has the key characteristics of behavioural memory and sufficient specificity to encode a canonical attribute of experience, such as a physical feature and its behavioural importance. Previous reviews have covered ot...

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Interruption of projections from the medial geniculate body to an archi-neostriatal field disrupts the classical conditioning of emotional responses to acoustic stimuli

Cited by 197 publications

References 28 publications

Preattentive face processing: What do visual search experiments with schematic faces tell us?

Preattentive face processing: What do visual search experiments with schematic faces tell us?

The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

Specific long-term memory traces in primary auditory cortex

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