Interpreting the toxicologic significance of alterations in anogenital distance: potential for confounding effects of progeny body weights

Gallavan, Robert H.; Holson, Joseph F.; Stump, Donald G.; Knapp, John; Reynolds, Vincent L.

doi:10.1016/s0890-6238(99)00036-2

Cited by 242 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Vandenbergh et al used the AGD/BWx100 value as an adjusted AGD index for BW or body size 14) . Gallavan et al proposed to use the ratio of AGD to the cube root of BW as a better measure to evaluate the AGD, because body weight increases in a three dimensional manner whereas AGD increases in a linear manner 15) . Although we evaluated AGD including both of the adjusted measures, no differences were detected among treatment groups in any of the AGD indices (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of in Utero and Lactational Exposure to Bisphenol A on Somatic Growth and Anogenital Distance in F1 Rat Offspring.

Kobayashi¹,

Miyagawa²,

Wang³

et al. 2002

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen, has been reported to mimic the actions of estrogen or to affect the endocrine glands in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we examined whether in utero and lactational exposure to BPA altered the somatic growth and anogenital distance (AGD) of F 1 offspring (1, 3, and 9 weeks of age) in vivo in rats. Dams were orally administered with various doses of BPA (0, 4, or 40 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day) from gestation day (GD) 6 through postnatal day (PND) 20. There were no significant changes in body weight, liver weight, kidneys weight, testes weight, AGD, the ratio of AGD to BW, or the ratio of AGD to the cube root of BW in BPA exposed pups compared to the vehicle-exposed control. This suggests that prenatal and postnatal exposure (indirect exposure) to BPA (4-40 mg/kg/day, GD 6-PND 20) does not affect on somatic growth or AGD of F 1 generation of male and female rats.

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confidence: 99%

Effects of in Utero and Lactational Exposure to Bisphenol A on Somatic Growth and Anogenital Distance in F1 Rat Offspring.

Kobayashi¹,

Miyagawa²,

Wang³

et al. 2002

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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“…The use of "the ratio of AGD to the cube root of body weight" (AGD index) has been proposed as a more accurate measurement of AGD 19) . We found no differences in the AGD index or in weights of The ratio of organ weight to body weight (%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of in Utero Exposure to 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl on Postnatal Development and Thyroid Function in Rat Offspring

et al. 2009

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“…The litter was considered the unit of analysis. The ratio between the anogenital distance and the cube root of the body weight was adopted as the appropriate method for measuring anogenital distance 8 . Also, the testis descent day detected by scrotum palpation was recorded by daily observations beginning on post-natal day 16.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterações reprodutivas em ratos machos expostos perinatalmente aos frutos da Solanum lycocarpum

Schwarz

Kempinas

Soares

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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This work employed pregnant rats treated with Solanum lycocarpum unripe fruits (10% in diet) from gestation day (GD) 06 to post-natal day (PND) 07, for the evaluation of the sperm number, daily sperm production and epididymal sperm transit time of the male offspring at PND 60 and PND 90. No differences were observed in the daily sperm production (DSP) and sperm number in the testis of the exposed males at PND 60 and PND 90. Also, no alterations were observed in sperm transit time in the caput epididymis of the exposed males at PND 60 and PND 90. However, a reduced sperm transit time was observed in the corpus/cauda epididymis of the experimental males at PND 90. The last data may explain the reduced sperm number observed in the corpus/cauda epididymis of the experimental male rats at PND 90. These data show that the male rats exposed to S. lycocarpum fruits during gestation did not present alterations in testis sperm production and number, however the sperm transit time through epididymis was impaired, resulting in a decreased number of spermatozoa in epididymis cauda. We conclude that S. lycocarpum may cause imbalance on hypothalamus-pituitary gland axis.

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Interpreting the toxicologic significance of alterations in anogenital distance: potential for confounding effects of progeny body weights

Cited by 242 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of in Utero and Lactational Exposure to Bisphenol A on Somatic Growth and Anogenital Distance in F1 Rat Offspring.

Effects of in Utero and Lactational Exposure to Bisphenol A on Somatic Growth and Anogenital Distance in F1 Rat Offspring.

Effects of in Utero Exposure to 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl on Postnatal Development and Thyroid Function in Rat Offspring

Alterações reprodutivas em ratos machos expostos perinatalmente aos frutos da Solanum lycocarpum

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