Interplay of Nutrients, Temperature, and Competition of Native and Alien Cyanobacteria Species Growth and Cyanotoxin Production in Temperate Lakes

Abstract

Global warming and eutrophication contribute to formation of HABs and distribution of alien cyanobacteria northward. The current study assessed how alien to Europe Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides and Chrysosporum bergii will co-occur with dominant native Planktothrix agardhii and Aphanizomenon gracile species under changing conditions in temperate freshwaters. The experiments were carried out to examine the effect of nutrients and temperature on the growth rate of cyanobacteria, production of cyanotoxins, and interspecies competition. The highest growth rate was determined for A. gracile (0.43 day−1) and S. aphanizomenoides (0.40 day−1) strains at all the tested nutrient concentrations (IP and IN were significant factors). S. aphanizomenoides adapted to the wide range of nutrient concentrations and temperature due to high species ecological plasticity; however, A. gracile was able to suppress its dominance under changing conditions. Regularity between tested variables and STX concentration in A. gracile was not found, but IP concentration negatively correlated with the amount of dmMC-RR and other non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) in P. agardhii strains. The relative concentration of NRPs in nontoxic P. agardhii strain was up to 3-fold higher than in MC-producing strain. Our study indicated that nutrients, temperature, and species had significant effects on interspecies competition. A. gracile had a negative effect on biomass of both alien species and P. agardhii.

Phytoplankton of the Curonian Lagoon as a New Interesting Source for Bioactive Natural Products. Special Impact on Cyanobacterial Metabolites

“…It is known that several species of Vibrio are pathogenic and may cause toxigenic cholera and vibriosis [67]. In natural water bodies, rising water temperature [68], which is one of the major causes of cyanobacterial blooms and proliferation [69,70], may also provide an optimal environment for the occurrence of Vibrio species [66,71]. Moreover, the dissolved organic matter resulting from intensive phytoplankton blooms, especially cyanobacteria-derived organic matter, can significantly support the growth of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species [71][72][73].…”

Research Characteristics on Cyanotoxins in Inland Water: Insights from Bibliometrics

“…Subsequently, the number of publications increased rapidly each year, at an average annual rate of 12.4%, and 252 related publications were published in 2020 (Figure 1). Global warming has severely affected shallow reservoirs, releasing pollutants from sediments and accelerating eutrophication [41,42]. Researchers have found that temperature effects largely determine the distribution of different cyanotoxins in Europe [43].…”

Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review

“…To date, most research has focused on the evaluation of environmental conditions that trigger toxin production and its dynamics, which can be essential for understanding of the toxicity and its predicting [ 31 ]. Although the role of environmental factors is not sufficiently understood and the results were widely disputed, many physiological studies demonstrated the influence of light, nutrient availability, temperature, pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on enhancing or suppressing the production of different toxic compounds [ 88 , 96 , 97 , 111 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 ]. Evidence suggested that generally increased temperatures and light favor the growth of toxin producers and can enhance the toxin production [ 83 , 88 , 122 ], but at times, as for other factors, conflict results.…”