Interplay between up-regulation of cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemoglobin oxygenation induced by near-infrared laser

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the infrared spectrum exerts positive effects on glucose metabolism, but the use of PBMT at the red spectrum has not been assessed. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into low‐fat control and high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and were treated with red (630 nm) PBMT or no treatment (Sham) during weeks 9 to 12. PBMT was delivered at 31.19 J/cm2, 60 J total dose per day for 20 days. In HFD‐fed mice, PBMT improved glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and fasting hyperinsulinemia. PBMT also reduced adiposity and inflammatory infiltrate in adipose tissue. Phosphorylation of Akt in epididymal adipose tissue and rectus femoralis muscle was improved by PBMT. In epididymal fat PBMT reversed the reduced phosphorylation of AS160 and the reduced Glut4 content. In addition, PBMT reversed the alterations caused by HFD in rectus femoralis muscle on proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and β‐oxidation. In conclusion, PBMT at red spectrum improved insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in HFD‐fed mice.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance is improved in high‐fat fed mice by photobiomodulation therapy at 630 nm

Silva

Ferraresi

Almeida

et al. 2020

“…In recent years, it was suggested that the infrared region of the spectrum could influence other chromospheres, despite the interaction by wavelengths higher than 900 nm, and particularly 1064 nm, with mitochondrial chromophores was not clearly demonstrated . Nevertheless, Wang et al demonstrated that 1064 nm laser light induces significant increases of cytochrome‐c‐oxidase concentration and that transcranial infrared laser stimulation causes upregulation of oxidized cytochrome‐c‐oxidase in the human brain. In addition, only few studies have investigated the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser light photobiostimulatory effects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1064 nm Nd:YAG laser light affects transmembrane mitochondria respiratory chain complexes

Ravera

Ferrando

Agas

et al. 2019

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non‐plant‐cell manipulation through a transfer of energy by means of light sources at the non‐ablative or thermal intensity. Authors showed that cytochrome‐c‐oxidase (complex IV) is the specific chromophore's target of PBM at the red (600‐700 nm) and NIR (760‐900 nm) wavelength regions. Recently, it was suggested that the infrared region of the spectrum could influence other chromospheres, despite the interaction by wavelengths higher than 900 nm with mitochondrial chromophores was not clearly demonstrated. We characterized the interaction between mitochondria respiratory chain, malate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of Krebs cycle, and 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the β‐oxidation (two mitochondrial matrix enzymes) with the 1064 nm Nd:YAG (100mps and 10 Hz frequency mode) irradiated at the average power density of 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 W/cm2 to generate the respective fluences of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 J/cm2. Our results show the effect of laser light on the transmembrane mitochondrial complexes I, III, IV and V (adenosine triphosphate synthase) (window effects), but not on the extrinsic mitochondrial membrane complex II and mitochondria matrix enzymes. The effect is not due to macroscopical thermal change. An interaction of this wavelength with the Fe‐S proteins and Cu‐centers of respiratory complexes and with the water molecules could be supposed.

“…LLLT exerts various effects on cells. When light passes through the epidermis to be absorbed by chromophores or photoreceptors (principally mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase [CCO]), cellular metabolic activity is affected . LLLT can stimulate the proliferation of skin fibroblasts, accelerating wound‐healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐emitting diode irradiation using 660 nm promotes human fibroblast HSP90 expression and changes cellular activity and morphology

Choi

Chang

Biswas

et al. 2019

We evaluated changes in cell viability and morphology in response to low‐level light irradiation and underlying variations in the levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Human fibroblasts were irradiated with a light‐emitting diode (LED) array at 660 nm (50 mW for 15, 30, and 60 minutes). Cell viability and morphological changes were evaluated via epifluorescence analysis; we also assessed cell viability and length changes. The expression levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and various HSPs (HSP27, 60, 70, and 90) were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and microarray analysis. After LED irradiation, cellular viability and morphology changed. Of the several HSPs analyzed, the HSP90 level increased significantly, suggesting that this protein played roles in the morphological and cellular changes. Thus, low‐level irradiation triggered cellular changes mediated by increased HSP90 expression; this may explain why skin irradiation enhances wound‐healing.