Interpersonal Cognition: Seeking, Understanding, and Maintaining Relationships

Fitzsimons, Gráinne M.; Anderson, Joanna E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199730018.013.0029

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Human thriving depends on social relationships, and the impressions we form of new acquaintances are essential guides to our social behavior (Fitzsimons and Anderson, 2013). We befriend people who are kind, hire people who are competent, avoid those who are domineering, or seek counsel from those who are empathic.…”

Section: Model-based and Model-free Social Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based and Model-Free Social Cognition: Investigating the Role of Habit in Social Attitude Formation and Choice

et al. 2019

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Do habits play a role in our social impressions? To investigate the contribution of habits to the formation of social attitudes, we examined the roles of model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in social interactions – computations linked in past work to habit and planning, respectively. Participants in this study learned about novel individuals in a sequential reinforcement learning paradigm, choosing financial advisors who led them to high- or low-paying stocks. Results indicated that participants relied on both model-based and model-free learning, such that each type of learning was expressed in both advisor choices and post-task self-reported liking of advisors. Specifically, participants preferred advisors who could provide large future rewards as well as advisors who had provided them with large rewards in the past. Although participants relied more heavily on model-based learning overall, they varied in their use of model-based and model-free learning strategies, and this individual difference influenced the way in which learning related to self-reported attitudes: among participants who relied more on model-free learning, model-free social learning related more to post-task attitudes. We discuss implications for attitudes, trait impressions, and social behavior, as well as the role of habits in a memory systems model of social cognition.

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Section: Model-based and Model-free Social Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based and Model-Free Social Cognition: Investigating the Role of Habit in Social Attitude Formation and Choice

et al. 2019

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“…First, in Study 1, objective coders assessed participants' commitment after listening to an audio recording of participants talking about how they would respond in a situation where somebody was flirting with their romantic partner. Second, in Study 3, we built on recent research investigating implicit sentiments toward close relationship partners (Banse, 1999; Banse & Kowalick, 2007; DeHart, Pelham, & Murray, 2004; LeBel & Campbell, 2009; Lee, Rogge, & Reis, 2010; Murray et al, 2009; Murray, Holmes, & Pinkus, 2010; Scinta & Gable, 2007; Zayas & Shoda, 2005; for a review, see Fitzsimons & Anderson, in press) by employing a variant of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) to measure participants' implicit commitment toward their romantic partner. Implicit measures that are based on response latencies, such as the IAT, provide important tools for assessing individuals' commitment toward their romantic partner, because such measures are largely immune to individuals' impression-management efforts.…”

Section: Assessing Relationship Commitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting the brakes on aggression toward a romantic partner: The inhibitory influence of relationship commitment.

Slotter¹,

Finkel²,

DeWall³

et al. 2012

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Why do people behave aggressively toward romantic partners, and what can put the brakes on this aggression? Provocation robustly predicts aggression in both intimate and nonintimate relationships. Four methodologically diverse studies tested the hypothesis that provocation severity and relationship commitment interact to predict aggression toward one's romantic partner, with the aggression-promoting effects of provocation diminishing as relationship commitment increases. Across all four studies, commitment to one's romantic relationship inhibited aggression toward one's partner when individuals were severely (but not mildly) provoked. Study 4 tested the hypothesis that this Partner Provocation × Commitment interaction effect would be strong among individuals high in dispositional tendencies toward retaliation but weak (perhaps even nonexistent) among individuals low in such tendencies. Discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding instigating, impelling, and inhibiting processes in the perpetration of aggression toward intimate partners.

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“…Biased interpersonal cognitions affecting both social interactions and worry levels are addressed in GAD treatment protocols (e.g., Erickson & Newman, 2007; Newman et al, 2011). Interpersonal cognitions are generally defined as the individual cognitive, motivational, and affective processes oriented toward or influenced by significant others (Fitzsimons & Anderson, 2013). These learned cognitions are grounded in relationships with significant persons in one’s life and may be evoked in everyday interactions impacting the way people perceive and react to others (Andersen & Przybylinski, 2014).…”

Section: Interpersonal Processes As Predictors Of Outcome In Cbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal cognitions as a mechanism of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder? A multilevel dynamic structural equation model approach.

Hilpert

Holtforth

Flückiger

2021

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in interpersonal cognitions on outcome during cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and how these effects are moderated by patients' interpersonal problems at intake. Method: A sample of 80 adult patients diagnosed with GAD who were undergoing CBT within a randomized controlled trial completed a questionnaire concerning interpersonal problems at baseline as well as measures of changes in interpersonal and self-related cognitions and in worry severity session by session. We conducted dynamic structural equation modeling to estimate cross-lagged within-patient effects of changes in interpersonal cognitions on worry, adjusting for the effects of self-related cognitions. Furthermore, we included interpersonal problems as a moderator of the effects of changes in interpersonal cognitions. Results: We found significant crosslagged effects of changes in both interpersonal cognitions and self-related cognitions on subsequent worry levels. Greater changes in interpersonal cognitions and self-related cognitions in a given session were associated with lower worry levels at the beginning of the next session. When adjusting for self-related cognitions, the effects of changes in interpersonal cognitions on subsequent worry remained significant. However, there were no interactive effects of changes in interpersonal cognitions by patients' interpersonal problems on worry severity. Conclusions: The results present evidence supporting changes in interpersonal cognitions and self-related cognitions as relevant change mechanisms in CBT for GAD.What is the public health significance of this article? Changes in interpersonal cognitions during cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder were associated with greater outcome, even when taking into account and adjusting for changes in self-related cognitions. Therapists might benefit from enhancing these changes by engaging patients in a clarification of their interpersonal motives and relational patterns. The relevance of changes in interpersonal cognitions seems to be homogenous across patients with different levels of interpersonal problems at baseline.

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Interpersonal Cognition: Seeking, Understanding, and Maintaining Relationships

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Model-Based and Model-Free Social Cognition: Investigating the Role of Habit in Social Attitude Formation and Choice

Model-Based and Model-Free Social Cognition: Investigating the Role of Habit in Social Attitude Formation and Choice

Putting the brakes on aggression toward a romantic partner: The inhibitory influence of relationship commitment.

Interpersonal cognitions as a mechanism of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder? A multilevel dynamic structural equation model approach.

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