Interpenetrating polymer network as a pioneer drug delivery system: a review

Dynamic materials (DMs) or dynamers have potential applications across a broad range of material science challenges. These applications include sustainable materials as a part of the circular plastics economy, advanced materials with tailored high stress properties and biomedical agents. DMs are comprised of polymers that crosslinked through reversible covalent and noncovalent linking groups. This group provides reversible bonds, which impart properties such as (re)healing, adaptability, toughness into a material. The nature of the linker dictates the dynamer's stability and dynamic properties, although for many applications one linker alone cannot give materials with complex multiresponsive functions. The combination of multiple dynamic linkers can introduce complementary functionalities into a single material. This combination of linkers enhances the collective material properties by matching their strengths and offsetting the weaknesses, or by selecting linkers for specific functions, such as one linker for rapid exchange and the other to respond to external stimuli. This contribution highlights the possibilities and unique features of materials containing multiple dynamic linkers, reviewing both fundamental discoveries of materials possessing multiple dynamic bonds and applications facilitated by the presence of multiple linking group chemistry.

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“…Many dynamic bonds have been placed into polymers with complex architecture, leading to materials with enhanced performance. [ 42,43 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary Dynamic Chemistries for Multifunctional Polymeric Materials

Zhang

Watuthanthrige

Wanasinghe

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…This is a polymer containing randomly disseminated β-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units. It has numerous applications in the biomedical sector because of its inertness, biocompatibility, degradability, and ease of chemical modification [ 106 ]. Montmorillonite-loaded pH-responsive and magnetic κ-carrageenan/chitosan hydrogels were fabricated by Jafari et al for determining the release of sunitinib as a drug.…”

Section: Polymers Employed In Hydrogel Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Delivery Strategies and Biomedical Significance of Hydrogels: Translational Considerations

et al. 2022

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Hydrogels are a promising and attractive option as polymeric gel networks, which have immensely fascinated researchers across the globe because of their outstanding characteristics such as elevated swellability, the permeability of oxygen at a high rate, good biocompatibility, easy loading, and drug release. Hydrogels have been extensively used for several purposes in the biomedical sector using versatile polymers of synthetic and natural origin. This review focuses on functional polymeric materials for the fabrication of hydrogels, evaluation of different parameters of biocompatibility and stability, and their application as carriers for drugs delivery, tissue engineering and other therapeutic purposes. The outcome of various studies on the use of hydrogels in different segments and how they have been appropriately altered in numerous ways to attain the desired targeted delivery of therapeutic agents is summarized. Patents and clinical trials conducted on hydrogel-based products, along with scale-up translation, are also mentioned in detail. Finally, the potential of the hydrogel in the biomedical sector is discussed, along with its further possibilities for improvement for the development of sophisticated smart hydrogels with pivotal biomedical functions.

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“…These properties include high stability, biocompatibility and capacity for swelling without loss of structural integrity. Together, they position IPNs as an attractive alternative to self-assembled polymeric nanocarriers ( Raina et al, 2019 ). The beneficial properties of IPNs have been exploited to develop stimuli-responsive DDSs.…”

Section: Spiropyran-based Nanocarriers For Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiropyran-Based Drug Delivery Systems

2021

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Nanocarriers are rapidly growing in popularity in the field of drug delivery. The ability of nanocarriers to encapsulate and distribute poorly soluble drugs while minimising their undesired effects is significantly advantageous over traditional drug delivery. Nanocarriers can also be decorated with imaging moieties and targeting agents, further incrementing their functionality. Of recent interest as potential nanocarriers are spiropyrans; a family of photochromic molecular switches. Due to their multi-responsiveness to endo- and exogenous stimuli, and their intrinsic biocompatibility, they have been utilised in various drug delivery systems (DDSs) to date. In this review, we provide an overview of the developments in spiropyran-based DDSs. The benefits and drawbacks of utilising spiropyrans in drug delivery are assessed and an outline of spiropyran-based drug delivery systems is presented.

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Interpenetrating polymer network as a pioneer drug delivery system: a review

Cited by 37 publications

References 86 publications

Complementary Dynamic Chemistries for Multifunctional Polymeric Materials

Complementary Dynamic Chemistries for Multifunctional Polymeric Materials

Drug Delivery Strategies and Biomedical Significance of Hydrogels: Translational Considerations

Spiropyran-Based Drug Delivery Systems

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