International Trends in Prison Upsizing and Downsizing: In Search of Evidence of a Global Rehabilitation Revolution

Byrne, Jeannette M.; Pattavina, April; Taxman, Faye S.

doi:10.1080/15564886.2015.1078186

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Tuscaloosa's intervention can help guide similar efforts for HIV services among community-supervised offenders in the United States and could also be adopted in other countries that have mounted efforts to reduce prison crowding through community-based alternatives [17]. Raynor's [18] review of the probation system in the United Kingdom has endorsed officers’ importance in providing community-supervised offenders with access to social services, drug treatment and other programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The programme was executed with existing personnel, infrastructure and resources with a view to implementation at other locations. With officers as recipients of HIV education, but also as agents of change, the plan is a beginning point for reducing HIV stigma, raising awareness and alleviating fears of Tuscaloosa's intervention can help guide similar efforts for HIV services among community-supervised offenders in the United States and could also be adopted in other countries that have mounted efforts to reduce prison crowding through community-based alternatives [17]. Raynor's [18] review of the probation system in the United Kingdom has endorsed officers' importance in providing communitysupervised offenders with access to social services, drug treatment and other programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A partnership approach to providing on‐site HIV services for probationers and parolees: a pilot study from Alabama, USA

Lichtenstein

Barber

2016

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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IntroductionHIV in the United States is concentrated in the South, an impoverished region with marked health disparities and high rates of incarceration, particularly among African Americans. In the Deep South state of Alabama, a policy directive to reduce prison overcrowding has diverted large numbers of convicted felons to community supervision. Probation and parole offices have yet to provide the HIV education and testing services that are offered in state prisons. This study sought to implement on-site HIV services for probationers and parolees through an intersectoral programme involving law enforcement, university and HIV agency employees. The three main objectives were to (1) involve probation/parole officers in planning, execution and assessment of the programme, (2) provide HIV education to the officers and (3) offer voluntary pretest HIV counselling and testing to probationers and parolees.MethodsThe partnered programme was conducted between October and December 2015. Offenders who were recently sentenced to probation (“new offenders”), received HIV education during orientation. Offenders already under supervision prior to the programme (“current offenders”) learned about the on-site services during scheduled office visits. Outcomes were measured through officer assessments, informal feedback and uptake of HIV services among offenders.ResultsA total of 86 new and 249 current offenders reported during the programme (N=335). Almost one-third (31.4%) of new offenders sought HIV testing, while only 3.2% of current offenders were screened for HIV. Refusals among current offenders invoked monogamy, time pressures, being tested in prison, fear of positive test results and concerns about being labelled as gay or unfaithful to women partners. Officers rated the programme as worthwhile and feasible to implement at other offices.ConclusionsThe partnership approach ensured support from law enforcement and intersectoral cooperation throughout the programme. HIV training for officers reduced discomfort over HIV and fostered their willingness to be active agents for referral to HIV services. Voluntary testing was enhanced by the HIV employee's educational role, particularly during orientation sessions for new offenders. The almost one-third success rate in HIV testing among new offenders suggests that future efforts should concentrate on this group in order to maximize participation at the probation and parole office.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A partnership approach to providing on‐site HIV services for probationers and parolees: a pilot study from Alabama, USA

Lichtenstein

Barber

2016

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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“…Over time, because of the massive use of imprisonment not only for violent and dangerous offenders but also for misdemeanors, a growth of the prison population started to be noticed (Coyle et al, 2016). For example, J. M. Byrne et al (2015) carried out a macroanalysis of incarceration in different regions of the world, highlighting that the global number and incarceration/population rates continued to increase in most countries, despite the fact that in many crime decreased. Indeed, despite the expansion of alternative sanctions in the community, prisons' overcrowding remained a challenge with a significant impact on the conditions provided to the inmates.…”

Section: Sociodemographic Factors and Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrections and Crime in Spain and Portugal during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact, Prevention and Lessons for the Future

Redondo

Gonçalves

Nistal

et al. 2020

Victims & Offenders

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This paper analyzes the impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on corrections and crime in the southern region of Europe formed by Spain and Portugal. The main mechanisms of transmission of Covid-19 are the physical proximity between people and the fact of sharing eventually infected targets. In prisons and other correctional contexts people live in close proximity and share the same facilities. As a result, the correctional context has proven to be a critical "hot spot" for the transmission of the Covid-19 pandemic in inmates and correctional staff. First, the magnitude of the infection and their associated health and psychosocial problems (prison incidents, social isolation.. .) are described. Second, the main sanitary, social, and correctional measures applied to prevent contagion and their related damages are presented (lockdown, use of communication technologies with families, etc.). Third, it is analyzed whether there has been a relationship between the confinement caused by the pandemic and the crime rates observed in Spain and Portugal during this same period. Finally, from the impact in corrections of pandemic and the actions taken to fight it, several important lessons are derived for the future improvement of correctional systems.

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“…The use of electronic monitoring at the pretrial stage has been on the rise throughout Central and South America (Allen, ). This development is in response to the recognition that this region has high pretrial detention rates (Byrne, et al., ). Our review has identified private‐sector management of electronic monitoring programs in the following countries: Colombia, Chile, Argentina, and El Salvador.…”

Section: Correctional Privatization Across Central America South Amementioning

confidence: 99%

International perspectives on the privatization of corrections

Byrne

Kras

Marmolejo

2019

Criminology & Public Policy

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Research Summary:In this article, we provide a global snapshot of the recent (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018) expansion of the private sector's involvement in both institutional and community corrections systems. Variation in the use of private-sector organizations to manage both institutional and community correction populations is examined within and across global regions, with a focus specifically on the utilization of privatization in the 50 countries with the highest prison populations. The key private-sector organizations in each global region are also identified, and the "new technology" acquisitions by these companiesdocumenting the expansion of prison-based organizations into community corrections-are considered. In addition, the available evaluation research on the comparative effectiveness of private-versus public-sector management of both prisons and community corrections is reviewed. Based on this review, we offer our assessment of the available data on global developments in the privatization of corrections, as well as the available research on the comparative performance of public-sector and private-sector corrections.Policy Implications: Policy makers considering the advantages and disadvantages of privatization in either their institutional-or their community-based corrections system need to consider not only whether performance improves when the private sector gets involved but also pendent, high-quality evaluations in countries currently using privatization to help manage prison, jail, and/or community corrections populations. K E Y W O R D Scommunity corrections, prisons, privatization DATA AND METHODWe begin our review by highlighting privatization initiatives in each global region based on available databases, published reports, newspaper articles, and other publically available documents in which the public sector's role in corrections is described. We caution the reader that our review is preliminary and that our ability to document the expansion of the private sector into community-based corrections systems varied both within and across global regions. 3 Next, we examine the utilization of privatesector companies by corrections systems in the countries with the 50 largest prison populations. More than 90% of the world's prison population is located in these 50 countries.A third area of inquiry involved the identification of the key players in the global private corrections market, with a focus specifically on whether the global expansion of private prisons and community corrections programs has its roots in the two largest U.S. private prison providers-GEO Group and CoreCivic. 4 By examining the recent technology and community corrections facility acquisitions by GEO Group included in the company's most recent filing before the Security and Exchange Commission, the movement of these prison-focused companies into the community corrections arena can be documented. We conclude our review by summarizing the resu...

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International Trends in Prison Upsizing and Downsizing: In Search of Evidence of a Global Rehabilitation Revolution

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

A partnership approach to providing on‐site HIV services for probationers and parolees: a pilot study from Alabama, USA

A partnership approach to providing on‐site HIV services for probationers and parolees: a pilot study from Alabama, USA

Corrections and Crime in Spain and Portugal during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact, Prevention and Lessons for the Future

International perspectives on the privatization of corrections

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