International trade and trafficking in pangolins, 1900–2019

Challender, Daniel W.S.; Heinrich, Sarah; Shepherd, Chris R.; Katsis, Lydia K.D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815507-3.00016-2

Cited by 42 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, wildlife removal from natural systems may also have negative implications for conservation (Phelps, Biggs, & Webb, 2016). For example, illegal harvest for purposes of traditional medicine is a root cause of dramatic population declines for some ungulates (Theng, Glikman, & Milner‐Gulland, 2018), big cats (Niraj, Sethi, Goyal, & Choudhary, 2019), and pangolins (Challender, Heinrich, Shepherd, & Katsis, 2020). Likewise, bushmeat hunting, which can be legal or illegal, influences population dynamics for many species of wildlife (Ripple et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illegal killing of nongame wildlife and recreational shooting in conservation areas

Katzner

Carlisle

Poessel

et al. 2020

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Illegal killing of nongame wildlife is a global yet poorly documented problem. The prevalence and ecological consequences of illegal killing are often underestimated or completely unknown. We review the practice of legal recreational shooting and present data gathered from telemetry, surveys, and observations on its association with illegal killing of wildlife (birds and snakes) within conservation areas in Idaho, USA. In total, 33% of telemetered long-billed curlews (Numenius americanus) and 59% of other bird carcasses found with known cause of death (or 32% of total) were illegally shot. Analysis of spatial distributions of illegal and legal shooting is consistent with birds being shot illegally in the course of otherwise legal recreational shooting, but snakes being intentionally sought out and targeted elsewhere, in locations where they congregate. Preliminary public surveys indicate that most recreational shooters find abhorrent the practice of illegal killing of wildlife. Viewed through this lens, our data may imply only a small fraction of recreational shooters is responsible for this activity. This study highlights a poorly known conservation problem that could have broad implications for some species and populations of wildlife.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illegal killing of nongame wildlife and recreational shooting in conservation areas

Katzner

Carlisle

Poessel

et al. 2020

Conservat Sci and Prac

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“…In contrast, international trade in sea cucumbers is driving stock collapses, which is undermining coastal livelihoods and associated with illegal fishing activities (Purcell et al, 2013;González-Wangüemert et al, 2018). Similarly, high-value trade in pangolin parts has depleted some populations in Asia, with much trafficking attention now focused on Africa (Challender et al, 2020). With this diversity, wildlife trade has direct positive and negative contributions to the '5Ps' of the SDGs (People, Prosperity, Peace, Partnerships and Planet), and indirect contributions via SDG interactions, feedbacks and policy interventions (Figure 1).…”

Section: The Diverse Roles Of Wildlife Trade In Meeting the Sustainabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Saving Lives, Protecting Livelihoods, and Safeguarding Nature”: Risk-Based Wildlife Trade Policy for Sustainable Development Outcomes Post-COVID-19

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused huge loss of life, and immense social and economic harm. Wildlife trade has become central to discourse on COVID-19, zoonotic pandemics, and related policy responses, which must focus on “saving lives, protecting livelihoods, and safeguarding nature.” Proposed policy responses have included extreme measures such as banning all use and trade of wildlife, or blanket measures for entire Classes. However, different trades pose varying degrees of risk for zoonotic pandemics, while some trades also play critical roles in delivering other key aspects of sustainable development, particularly related to poverty and hunger alleviation, decent work, responsible consumption and production, and life on land and below water. Here we describe how wildlife trade contributes to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in diverse ways, with synergies and trade-offs within and between the SDGs. In doing so, we show that prohibitions could result in severe trade-offs against some SDGs, with limited benefits for public health via pandemic prevention. This complexity necessitates context-specific policies, with multi-sector decision-making that goes beyond simple top-down solutions. We encourage decision-makers to adopt a risk-based approach to wildlife trade policy post-COVID-19, with policies formulated via participatory, evidence-based approaches, which explicitly acknowledge uncertainty, complexity, and conflicting values across different components of the SDGs. This should help to ensure that future use and trade of wildlife is safe, environmentally sustainable and socially just.

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“…In contrast, international trade in sea cucumbers is driving stock collapses, has negative repercussion for local communities, and is associated with burgeoning illegal fishing activities (González-Wangüemert, Domínguez-Godino, & Cánovas, 2018;Purcell et al, 2013). Similarly, high-value trade in pangolin scales, has driven pangolin populations to near extinction (Challender, Heinrich, Shepherd, & Katsis, 2020).…”

Section: The Diverse Roles Of Wildlife Trade In Meeting the Sustainabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, nearly three-quarters of threatened or near-threatened species are being over-exploited for trade or subsistence purposes (Maxwell, Fuller, Brooks, & Watson, 2016), representing a leading global threat to biodiversity (Tilman et al, 2017). For several critically endangered taxa, such as rhinos, pangolins and wedgefish, trade-driven overexploitation represents the greatest threat to their survival (Challender et al, 2020;Kyne et al, 2019;Maxwell et al, 2016). Capture and trade can also harm the welfare of individual wild animals, particularly the live animal trade, which can cause high stress and mortality (Baker et al, 2013).…”

Section: "Safeguarding Nature": Direct Contributions Towards Sdgs Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“Saving lives, protecting livelihoods, and safeguarding nature”: risk-based wildlife trade policy for sustainable development outcomes post-COVID-19

Booth¹,

Arias²,

Brittain³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused huge loss of life, and immense social and economic costs throughout the world. Policy responses must minimise the risk of future zoonotic pandemics while simultaneously securing livelihoods and protecting nature, all of which are fundamental to delivering the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Wildlife trade has become the epicentre of debates on COVID-19 and potential policy responses, with calls from some conservation and animal welfare organisations for blanket bans on wildlife trade. Here we describe how wildlife trade influences people and nature in diverse ways (both positive and negative), with synergies and trade-offs within and between the SDGs. We also discuss why there is a need for a more holistic and evidence-based approach, which goes beyond the narrow focus of current discourse. We offer a simple integrated framework for assessing the public health risks of different forms of wildlife trade, and for evaluating them against other dimensions of the SDGs. We illustrate the flexibility of the framework by applying it to worked examples for different species and contexts. Our results demonstrate how the framework can guide evidence-based, participatory decision-making on wildlife trade, which minimises public health risks and secures other benefits to people and nature. We encourage decision-makers to adopt a holistic approach to inform national and local policy responses to pandemic risks posed by wildlife trade. Finally, we recommend that broader issues, such as land-use and climate change (and how wildlife trade regulations may alleviate or exacerbate these issues) are also considered as part of efforts to reduce future zoonosis emergence.

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International trade and trafficking in pangolins, 1900–2019

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

Illegal killing of nongame wildlife and recreational shooting in conservation areas

Illegal killing of nongame wildlife and recreational shooting in conservation areas

“Saving Lives, Protecting Livelihoods, and Safeguarding Nature”: Risk-Based Wildlife Trade Policy for Sustainable Development Outcomes Post-COVID-19

“Saving lives, protecting livelihoods, and safeguarding nature”: risk-based wildlife trade policy for sustainable development outcomes post-COVID-19

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