International tourists' perceptions of crime–risk and their future travel intentions during the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ in South Africa

Abstract

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Tourists’ Perceptions of London, United Kingdom (UK), as a Safe Host City During the 2012 Olympic Games

“…Negative media coverage of a destination appears to influence risk perceptions and destination choice. George and Swart (2012), in their study of 2010 FIFA World Cup tourists' crime-risk perceptions, found that respondents who originated from Australia and the UK felt safer at night than those from Asia. Reisinger and Mavondo (2006) in their travel-risk study established that US and Australian tourists are more likely to perceive travel as risky compared to British, Greek, and Canadian tourists.…”

“…In particular, crime risk has been associated with mega-sporting events (Barker et al, 2003;George & Swart, 2012), and the threat of terrorism has also been a particular concern to Olympic Games' host nations (Gold & Gold, 2010;Neirotti & Hilliard, 2006;Qi et al, 2009;Toohey & Taylor, 2008). Between the period 1972 and 2004, Toohey and Taylor (2008) identified 168 terrorist attacks related to sports.…”

“…Studies in tourism indicate that an individual's perception of risk is influenced by a number of behavioral characteristics including: age (Floyd & Pennington-Gray, 2004;George, 2010), gender (Gibson & Zhang, 2008;Lepp & Gibson, 2003;Qi et al, 2009), purpose of visit (George, 2010;Rittichainuwat, Qu, & Mongknonvanit, 2002), personality type (Lepp & Gibson, 2008;Reisinger & Mavondo, 2005), nationality (Fuchs & Reichel, 2004;George, 2010;George & Swart, 2012;Kozak et al, 2007), travel information search (Boo & Gu, 2010;Kozak et al, 2007), tourist role or type (Lepp & Gibson, 2003;Roehl & Fesenmaier, 1992), length of stay (Barker et al, 2003;George, 2003), and past travel experience (Boo & Gu, 2010;Kozak et al, 2007).…”

“…As these unforeseen events occur more often, it becomes increasingly important that these incidents are better understood, thus enabling the forecasting of potential impacts on the tourism industry, and the management of costs associated with these events (George & Swart, 2012).…”

Measuring Tourism Risk Impacts on Destination Image

“…Man-made disasters cause permanent and serious damage. George and Swart (2012) further argued that man-made disasters may have even a detrimental effect on tourist benefit perception that will, in turn, impact the destination image [28]. In recent years, when tourists make travel decision with friends or family, there has been increasing concern about man-made disasters when choosing a destination [18].…”