International Multidimensional Authenticity Specification (IMAS) Algorithm for Detection of Commercial Pomegranate Juice Adulteration

Zhang, Yanjun; Krueger, Dana A; Durst, Robert W.; Lee, Ru-Po; Wang, David; Seeram, Navindra P.; Heber*, David

doi:10.1021/jf901073f

Cited by 14 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Determination of this ratio is important because considerable variations may be due to both microbial degradation and adulteration practices with either high‐glucose or high‐fructose syrups. The results obtained are in accordance with glucose to fructose ratio of 0.8–1.0 established by the Association of the Industry of Juices and Nectars of the European Union and those registered in several other studies;17, 26–28 however, other reports have indicated glucose levels slightly higher than fructose levels 29–31. Furthermore, among all clones sucrose traces were found (data not shown), as other single‐strength pomegranate juices have disclosed;17, 29, 31 therefore, the presence of sucrose should be considered a quality parameter in freshly squeezed pomegranate juices.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Tartaric acid was also detected in all the samples with concentrations between 0.17 and 0.41 g L −1 (Table 3), as reported by some other authors,17, 33 contrary to others,28 who recently concluded that pomegranates do not contain tartaric acid since it indicates adulteration with grape products. Organic acids analysis by HPLC of pomegranate juices detected oxalic acid too, but only in three accessions: W.3, W.5 and W.6, always with values under 0.3 g L −1 (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

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Phytochemical characterisation for industrial use of pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) cultivars grown in Spain

Mena

García‐Viguera

Navarro-Rico

et al. 2011

J. Sci. Food Agric.

255

212

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Phytochemical characterisation for industrial use of pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) cultivars grown in Spain

Mena

García‐Viguera

Navarro-Rico

et al. 2011

J. Sci. Food Agric.

255

212

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show abstract

“…Valued-added pomegranate products include fresh and concentrated fruit juice, mixed juices, wines, liquors, grenadine, syrup, preserves, pharmaceuticals, dyes, tanning agents, and cosmetics (Melgarejo, 2012). In the United States, the primary commercial use for pomegranate fruit in value-added products is in juice (Zhang et al, 2009). POM Wonderful™ is the primary manufacturer and supplier of pomegranate juice from concentrate in the United States (Stover & Mercure, 2007).…”

Section: Current Commercial Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a recent study analyzing commercial juices labelled as 100% pomegranate juice demonstrated that some of these products contained adulterants, including added malic acid and fructose (Tezcan et al, 2009). Because the value of pomegranate juice is dependent, in part, on its perceived health benefits, researchers have developed an international multidimensional authenticity specification (IMAS) algorithm for determining pomegranate juice adulteration (Zhang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Current Commercial Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthocyanins, part of the flavonoid family, are found in fruit and flowers of pomegranate and are responsible for their blue, orange, and red colors (Wang, Cao, & Prior, 1997). Six anthocyanin pigments are responsible for the red to purple color of pomegranate juice (Zhang et al, 2009). The anthocyanins identified in pomegranate fruit are known to have antioxidant activity (Tehranifar et al, 2010;Wang et al, 1997).…”

Section: Ta Sugar and Mineral Nutrient Concentration Of Mature Pomementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Foliar Nutrient Applications on Split, Yield, and Internal Fruit Quality of 'Wonderful' Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.)

Chater¹

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The Effects of Foliar Nutrient Applications on Split, Yield, and Internal Fruit Quality of 'Wonderful' Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) John Matthew ChaterFruit split is the most important physiological disorder in pomegranate production, causing devastating crop losses worldwide. Foliar nutrient applications have been used experimentally to mitigate pomegranate fruit split but none have been conducted using the industry standard cultivar, Wonderful, and little is known about the effects of foliar nutrient applications on pomegranate. Additionally, investigations into putative health benefits of pomegranate fruit have increased interest in its production but limited evidence exists regarding effects of agricultural practices such as foliar fertilizer applications on internal fruit quality. 'Wonderful' pomegranate trees at 2 commercial orchards were treated with foliar applications of ZnSO 4 (3000 mg•L -1 , 4000 mg•L -1 , or 5000 mg•L -1 ), MgSO 4 (1%, 2%, or 3%), KNO 3 (1%, 2%, or 3%), or deionized (DI) water (control). Fruit were analyzed for fruit split incidence, yield, fruit number per tree, fruit diameter, fruit mass, or mass of all arils in fruit, mass of 100 arils, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolics (TP), and mineral nutrient concentrations of leaves and fruit. Foliar applications of MgSO 4 and ZnSO 4 resulted in significantly lower fruit split incidence. Treatments had no significant effect on fruit number per tree, fruit diameter, and mass, mass of all arils in fruit, or mass of 100 arils. Leaf N, K, S, Mn, and Zn were significantly affected by the treatments. TSS and TA were not affected significantly by treatments. AA ranged from 77.8-84.3 percent inhibition of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and TP ranged from 2489-3046 mg·L -1 gallic acid equivalents, with some KNO 3 treatments significantly affecting these parameters. Fruit mineral nutrient concentrations were characterized and Zn-treated trees had greater fruit Zn concentrations. The results suggest that foliar ZnSO 4 or MgSO 4 could be used to decrease fruit split incidence and increase nutritional content of 'Wonderful' pomegranate and any of the three tested foliar nutrients could be applied as a foliar fertilizer without negatively impacting fruit yield, size, internal quality, bioactivity, or mineral nutrient concentration. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to acknowledge financial support from the California State University Agricultural Research Initiative and Roll Global (now The Wonderful Company) and Wonderful Orchards' Erik Wilkins and the late Dee Slaymen of Slaymen Marketing for their efforts in facilitating the field experiments and providing the data trees and fruit for this research. The author also wishes to acknowledge his perfect parents for their support, wisdom, and love, his wife for being there for him and assisting in harsh field conditions, his brother James for assisting in the field and offering support, and his advisor and mentor Lauren Garner for taking him o...

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Pomegranate juice adulteration by addition of grape or peach juices

2013

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International Multidimensional Authenticity Specification (IMAS) Algorithm for Detection of Commercial Pomegranate Juice Adulteration

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Phytochemical characterisation for industrial use of pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) cultivars grown in Spain

Phytochemical characterisation for industrial use of pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) cultivars grown in Spain

The Effects of Foliar Nutrient Applications on Split, Yield, and Internal Fruit Quality of 'Wonderful' Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.)

Pomegranate juice adulteration by addition of grape or peach juices

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