International Migration & Economic Development: The Case of EU Countries

Abstract

The globalization of the modern world strengthens the role of migration flows in the socio-economic development of countries and regions. The European Union, and Italy in particular, are among the main centers attracting migrants due to their geopolitical transit position and relatively favorable environment. The consequences of the explosive growth in migration flows are ambiguous. To clarify the direction and power of such effects, we perform correlation and regression analysis according to a number of parameters. The paper presents relevant data on the demographic and socio-economic situation in Italy for 2001–2017. In the literature review section, we examine the substance of international migration and identify the factors affecting the trends in economic dynamics as well as changes in migration flows. The research results confirm that the most significant determinants are employment, the GDP growth rate and the labor cost index. The study also finds that there is a positive correlation between GDP growth and inflow of remittances. The empirical data provided indicate the coherence between migration and particular macroeconomic indicators. A comprehensive analysis of the factors presents a promising pathway for improving migration policy.

Migration processes and determinants: the case of the Slovak Republic

“…Finally, dyadic factors are characteristic of country pairs, and the determinant underlying this factor is generally geographic (Abel et al, 2019;Larotta Silva, 2019). The economic factors include unemployment (Harding & Neamţu, 2018;Kilic et al, 2019;Basile et al, 2019), income level (Nguyen, 2020;Laskienė et al, 2020;Slettebak, 2021), economic growth and development (Tolmacheva, 2020;Lyulyov et al, 2021;Rennó Santos et al, 2022), poverty (Kluge et al, 2019;Nowak-Lehmann et al, 2021;Diallo, 2022), the tax system (Lamantia & Pezzino, 2018;Guerreiro et al, 2020;Dai & Tian, 2021), economic freedom (Aarhus & Jakobsen, 2019;Gignarta et al, 2020;Arif et al, 2020). So, we can state that considering the main migration factors, it is evident that people leave their countries of origin to find better living conditions in foreign countries and to escape unfavourable environments.…”

“…On the other hand, another branch of literature distinguishes between pull and push factors leading to immigration and emigration in a given country (Mohamed & Abdul-Talib, 2020;Unguren et al, 2021;Garelli & Tazzioli, 2021;Piras, 2021;Khalid & Urbański, 2021). The push factors leading to high emigration rates from a country are mainly corruption (Matallah, 2020;Arif, 2022), unemployment (Baumann et al, 2015;Cimpoeru, 2020;Espinosa & Díaz-Emparanza, 2021), unstable political environment (Mourão et al, 2018;Agadjanian & Gorina, 2019;Žižka & Pelloneova, 2019;Grumstrup et al, 2021;Kang, 2021), military instability (Habchak & Dubis, 2019;Veebel, 2020), climate changes (Barassi et al, 2018;Schutte et al, 2021;Reichman, 2022), low wages and income (Fischer & Pfaffermayr, 2018;Delogu et al, 2018), low or negative economic growth (Tolmacheva, 2020;Lupak et al, 2022;Gavurová et al 2017). The pull factors leading to high immigration rates to a country are high wages and income (Laajimi & Le Gallo, 2022), low level of poverty (Hager, 2021;Urbański, 2022), high standard of living (Hager, 2021), high economic growth (Schwabe, 2021), immigration and integration policy (Beverelli, 2022), welfare (Cebolla-Boado & Miyar-Busto, 2020;Ferwerda & Gest, 2021), immigrant networks (Kaplan et al 2016;Kabir, 2021).…”

An Empirical Investigation on Determinants of Sustainable Economic Growth. Lessons from Central and Eastern European Countries

“…In the view of Nam et al (2020), financial markets and the quality of accounting and auditing positively influenced direct investment flows in the national economy. Tolmacheva (2020) conducted an empirical research regarding the role of migration on the socio-economic development of countries and regions in the European Union. Results reported that the most important factors were employment, GDP growth rate and labor cost index.…”

Description of the legal basis for the protection of labor rights of migrants

“…Sakharuk et al (2019) prove that in order to protect the rights of labor migrants the State has to introduce the system of collecting and analyzing the statistical information; to improve the economic well-being of the employees; to conclude bilateral agreements with other countries in the indicated area. Tolmacheva (2020) investigates the substance of international migration and identifies the factors affecting the trends in economic dynamics as well as changes in migration flows. Hasenau (1991) and Vittin-Balima (2002) study ILO standards for migrant workers.…”