Internally Mixed Liquid Injector for Active Control of Atomization Process

Kushari, Abhijit; Neumeier, Yedidia; Israeli, O.; Lubarsky, Eugene; Zinn, B. T.

doi:10.2514/2.5819

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Figure 6 compares the predicted mean droplet sizes for a liquid supply pressure of 137.14 kPa and atmospheric back pressure for different ALR's with the experimental data presented by Kushari et al (2001). Figure 6 compares the predicted mean droplet sizes for a liquid supply pressure of 137.14 kPa and atmospheric back pressure for different ALR's with the experimental data presented by Kushari et al (2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This section describes the results obtained by solving the developed model and compares them with experimental data from Kushari et al (2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that the availability and application of such "smart" injectors would improve the performance of gas turbines and other combustors by providing capabilities for reducing emissions and damping combustion instabilities (Lefebvre (1985), Rink and Lefebvre (1987)). The (Mullinger and Chigier (1974), Biswas (1982), Chawla (1985), Roesler and Lefebvre (1989), Kushari et al (2001)). As the air expands within the injector and occupies an increased fraction of the available cross sectional area, the cross sectional area available for liquid flow is reduced.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Phenomenological Two-Phase Flow Model of Atomization in an Internally Mixed Liquid Atomizer

Kushari¹

2007

International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines

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This paper describes the development and predictions of an engineering model that depicts the two-phase flow within an internally mixed air-assisted liquid atomizer. The main objective of this study is to develop an analytical tool that could be used in the design of improved internally mixed injectors and to predict the injector's flow and spray characteristics under different operating conditions. The developed model assumes that the formation of liquid drops, due to the interaction between the air and liquid flows, occurs inside the injector in an internally mixed atomizer. Basic conservation equations, along with appropriate boundary conditions, are used to model the two-phase air-liquid flow inside the injector. A critical Weber number criterion is used to estimate the mean size of the droplets being produced in the process. A unique solution procedure, using transformation and elimination of variables, is developed to solve this set of equations, which can be readily implemented on a PC. The liquid flow rates and mean droplet sizes, predicted by the model, are compared with the experimentally obtained results and they are found to be in good agreement with each other.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This section describes the results obtained by solving the developed model and compares them with experimental data from Kushari et al (2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Phenomenological Two-Phase Flow Model of Atomization in an Internally Mixed Liquid Atomizer

Kushari¹

2007

International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines

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“…These atomizers were selected in order to have a control over the atomization process by changing the water and compressed air feed conditions [19,20]. Eight internally mixed atomizers, at equal distances of 61 mm were installed on a circular ring having diameter of 1.63 meter, located at the centre of the room at a height…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Pool Fire in a Large Enclosure with Water Mist

Lal

Gupta

Kushari

et al. 2013

International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics

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This paper reports the results of an experimental study of suppression of pool fires in enclosed spaces using water mist. The main objective of the present study is to understand the mechanisms responsible for the suppression of pool fires using water mists. Experiments were conducted in a large compartment with n-heptane pool fires of different heat release rates. The temperature variations in the compartment were measured using K-type thermocouples fixed at two locations. A multi gas analyzer was used to measure gas concentrations. The test results indicate that the water mist suppresses the diffusion flame in an enclosed space mainly through evaporating cooling and oxygen displacement by water vapors, resulting in inefficient combustion. The fire suppression time decreases with a decrease in droplet diameter. It is much easier to suppress a larger fire due to faster rates of evaporation of water droplets and therefore, the total mist requirement decreases with an increase in the fire size. The results of this study can find application in the design of water mist based fire fighting systems for indoor fires. Keywords

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“…The internally mixed (effervescent type) liquid fuel injector appears attractive for these control applications because it requires a very small flow rate of atomizing air to provide fine atomization with only a small pressure drop across the injector [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Thus, using such an injector reduces the size and weight of the actuators because of lower pressure drops and flow rates that need to be managed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of combustion instabilities and emissions using an internally mixed liquid atomizer with a vaporizer

Lee

Kushari²,

Lubarsky³

et al. 2002

40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting &Amp; Exhibit

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Since coupling between the combustor oscillations and the unsteady combustion of the fuel spray drives combustion instabilities in liquid fueled combustors, "disruption" of this coupling by changing the fuel spray properties offers an approach for controlling these instabilities. This paper describes an experimental study that employed such an approach to control combustion instabilities in a liquid ftieled (n-heptane) combustor that used a novel internally mixed liquid fuel injector with a vaporizing element. This injector forms a fuel spray by mixing liquid fuel and a secondary air in a liquid/air mixing tube. The generated spray impinges upon a hot vaporizer plate, on top, as it flows towards the combustor, resulting in partial evaporation of the fuel in the spray. The resulting spray then enters the combustor through a slit between the vaporizer plate and the conical flame holder. Combustion occurs when the spray mixes with the primary air stream that enters the combustor through an annular region between the combustor wall and conical flame holder. The dependence of the characteristics of the instabilities upon the operating conditions of the injector (and, thus, spray properties) and acoustic properties of the setup were studied. The spray properties were varied by changing the flow rate of the secondary air stream into the injector's mixing tube and the combustor's acoustics were varied by changing the length of the primary air supply tube. The characteristics of the flow and combustion processes were studied from measured pressure and radicals radiation data. The results clearly showed that combustion instabilities could be controlled by changing the fuel spray properties and that the amount of attained damping depends on the frequency. In addition, emissions measurements show that the concentrations of CO, SO 2 and unburned hydrocarbons decreased as the size of the fuel droplets in the spray decreased. Interestingly, NO levels decreased as the amplitude of the instability increased.

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Internally Mixed Liquid Injector for Active Control of Atomization Process

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

A Phenomenological Two-Phase Flow Model of Atomization in an Internally Mixed Liquid Atomizer

A Phenomenological Two-Phase Flow Model of Atomization in an Internally Mixed Liquid Atomizer

Suppression of Pool Fire in a Large Enclosure with Water Mist

Control of combustion instabilities and emissions using an internally mixed liquid atomizer with a vaporizer

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