band-notched operation can be realized with the current antenna design. Figure 10 shows the antenna with an extra slot opened on the upper part of the ground plane, where the slot location is described by M, and the dimension of the slot is fixed at 1 mm  35 mm. The band-notched characteristics (antenna return and antenna efficiency) around 1.5 GHz as a function of the slot location, M, is shown in Figure 11. It can be seen from Figure 11 that the frequency-notched band varies significantly with the location of the slot. An antenna prototype with M ¼ 25 mm was made and measured. The simulated and measured results are shown in Figure 12, and a good agreement between these results is achieved.
CONCLUSIONSIn this article, a low-profile and wideband antenna, which can be used for mobile applications, is proposed. It has been demonstrated that by using the unique direct feed approach, a tripleresonance response is obtained from the mobile chassis and the vertical slot. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna (at À6 dB level) covers most of the current radio systems, which indicates that the proposed antenna would be very useful for mobile applications. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that a bandnotched characteristics can be easily obtained by opening a slot on the mobile chassis. [7]. Only scant studies on the realization of the internal AP antennas were carried out and reported [8][9][10][11]. This motivates us to propose another promising antenna solution to the internal AP antennas with high gain, conical radiation and good isolation between the antennas. In this work, we propose a multi-monopole-antenna system that incorporates six short-circuited monopole antennas put in order on a circular antenna ground to achieve a symmetrical MIMO-antenna structure. Among the six monopole antennas, three are designated for 2.4 GHz operation while the others are for 5 GHz operation. Thus, concurrent dual-WLAN-band operation is obtained. Both the 2.4 and 5 GHz monopoles have shortcircuiting portions, allowing the antenna to be affixed to the antenna ground. The shorting portion is also of a vertical structure, which helps reduce the horizontal current distribution, gain more polarization purity, and in turn leads to higher antenna gain. The design itself is like a stand-alone antenna system but can be integrated into an AP by stacked above the system PCB. The studies were carried out rigorously and the results thereof are described and discussed in the article.
ANTENNA CONFIGURATION AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONFigure 1(a) shows the proposed six-monopole-antenna system for concurrent, 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN AP applications. The monopole antennas are vertically mounted on a circular ground of diameter 155 mm, longer than one wavelength at 2.4 GHz, and set a small distance away from the edge. A preferred distance from the periphery of the ground to the 2.4 and 5 GHz antenna in the feed plane is 25 and 15 mm, respectively in this design. This distance can affect both the isolation between the antennas and peak gain. Among the six an...