Internal thermal noise in optical frequency converters

Estes, Lee E.; Lucy, R. F.; Gunter, John; Duval, Kenneth

doi:10.1364/josa.64.000295

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Thus this is the internal thermal radiation produced by the PPLN-UCD. The calculation steps follow the line of [21], however, additionally including the absorption loss in three wave mixing process and also calculating the upconverted power spectral density. The calculation steps are as follows:…”

Section: Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At room temperature, this noise source is more pronounced in the MIR range in comparison to the UV-vis-NIR region as a consequence of the spectral distribution of black-body radiation. Few investigations of thermal noise contribution to the upconverted signal have been reported in the 1970's; one using a proustite crystal at room temperature [21] and a second using a LiNbO 3 crystal at 600 K [22]. In both cases, narrowband noise emission is considered in a relatively transparent region of the crystals (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases, narrowband noise emission is considered in a relatively transparent region of the crystals (e.g. absorption coefficient = 0.22 cm −1 [21]). Comparing these initial results of the thermal noise contribution to a state-of-the-art UCD module, where the efficiency, η is 5 to 6 orders of magnitude higher and phase matches over a broad wavelength range, covering the absorption edge of the material, it is very important to include this thermal noise component in the analysis of the noise in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal noise in mid-infrared broadband upconversion detectors

2018

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Low noise detection with state-of-the-art mid-infrared (MIR) detectors (e.g., PbS, PbSe, InSb, HgCdTe) is a primary challenge owing to the intrinsic thermal background radiation of the low bandgap detector material itself. However, researchers have employed frequency upconversion based detectors (UCD), operable at room temperature, as a promising alternative to traditional direct detection schemes. UCD allows for the use of a low noise silicon-CCD/camera to improve the SNR. Using UCD, the noise contributions from the nonlinear material itself should be evaluated in order to estimate the limits of the noise-equivalent power of an UCD system. In this article, we rigorously analyze the optical power generated by frequency upconversion of the intrinsic black-body radiation in the nonlinear material itself due to the crystals residual emissivity, i.e. absorption. The thermal radiation is particularly prominent at the optical absorption edge of the nonlinear material even at room temperature. We consider a conventional periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) based MIR-UCD for the investigation. The UCD is designed to cover a broad spectral range, overlapping with the entire absorption edge of the PPLN (3.5 - 5 µm). Finally, an upconverted thermal radiation power of ~30 pW at room temperature (~30°C) and a maximum of ~70 pW at 120°C of the PPLN crystal are measured for a CW mixing beam of power ~60 W, supporting a good quantitative agreement with the theory. The analysis can easily be extended to other popular nonlinear conversion processes including OPO, DFG, and SHG.

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Section: Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal noise in mid-infrared broadband upconversion detectors

2018

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“…Note that, this is different from the "dark noise" mentioned earlier in this section. In 1974, Estes et al [108] presented a detailed analysis of the thermal noise contribution for an IR signal at 10.6 µm upconverted in a proustite crystal at room temperature. The relatively high optical absorption of proustite at 10.6 µm leads to a µW level of up-noise power in their experimental setup.…”

Section: Optical Noise Generated In An Upconversion Module (Up-noise)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric upconversion imaging and its applications

Barh¹,

Rodrigo²,

Meng³

et al. 2019

Adv. Opt. Photon.

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This article provides an extensive survey of nonlinear parametric upconversion infrared (IR) imaging, starting from its origin to date. Upconversion imaging is a successful innovative technique for IR imaging in terms of sensitivity, speed, and noise performance. In this approach, the IR image is frequency upconverted to form a visible/near-IR image through parametric three-wave mixing followed by detection using a silicon-based detector or camera. In 1968 (50 years back), J. E. Midwinter first demonstrated upconversion imaging from shortwave-IR (1.6 μm) to visible (484 nm) wavelength using a bulk lithium niobate crystal. This technique quickly gained interest, and several other groups demonstrated upconversion imaging further into the mid-and far-IR with significantly improved quantum efficiency. Although a few excellent reviews on upconversion imaging were published in the early 1970's, the rapid progress in recent years merits an updated comprehensive review. The topic includes linear imaging, nonlinear optics, and laser science, and has shown diverse applications. The scope of this article is to provide an in-depth knowledge of upconversion imaging theory. An overview of different phase matching conditions for the parametric process and the sensitivity of the upconversion detection system are discussed. Furthermore, different design considerations and optimization schemes are outlined for application-specific upconversion imaging. The article comprises a historical perspective of the technique, its most recent technological advances, specific outstanding issues, and some cutting-edge applications of upconversion in IR imaging.

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Conversion paramétrique de fréquence infrarouge visible, étude prospective

Carenco¹

1975

A. Téléc.

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Internal thermal noise in optical frequency converters

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Thermal noise in mid-infrared broadband upconversion detectors

Thermal noise in mid-infrared broadband upconversion detectors

Parametric upconversion imaging and its applications

Conversion paramétrique de fréquence infrarouge visible, étude prospective

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