Internal resistance and deterioration of VRLA battery-analysis of internal resistance obtained by direct current measurement and its application to VRLA battery monitoring technique

Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Evaluation under Peak Shaving and Frequency Regulation Duty Cycles

“…As the battery cycles, the positive electrode grids undergo corrosion, causing an in-plane mechanical stress on the grid, leading to a decrease in adhesion between the active material and the grid. The active material is separated from the grid because of the expansion and shrinkage of the active material during the discharge and charge cycles, reducing the capacity [43]. The capacity recovery for PS cycles in Figure 4c indicates that positive active material shedding is not the main reason for capacity loss.…”

Graphite-SiOx Electrodes with a Biopolymeric Binder for Li-Ion Batteries: Predicting the Cycle Life Performance from Physical Properties

“…42 Since there is a correlation between resistance increase, capacity diminish, and battery deterioration, DCIR is also an important piece of information regarding cycle life performance. 43 The information extracted from the DCIR method can be compared with that obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). 44 The voltage characteristics during and after a current pulse are described in Figure 1 and in the literature.…”

“…The DCIR method provides a simple way to discern the individual contributions on cell impedance (series, charge transfer, and diffusion resistance) and can be implemented under different conditions (temperature, pulse duration/magnitude, and state of charge). , By reducing the pulse duration down to several milliseconds, the diffusion resistance attributed to mass transfer is considered negligible and can be omitted, and therefore the ohmic resistance and reaction overpotential (charge transfer resistance) only are probed . Since there is a correlation between resistance increase, capacity diminish, and battery deterioration, DCIR is also an important piece of information regarding cycle life performance . The information extracted from the DCIR method can be compared with that obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) .…”

Internal Resistance of Lead-Acid Battery and Application in SOC Estimation

“…It only can be measured by external voltage and current. DC discharge method is a common one (Kurisawa 1997). Applying a load current to the battery, the ohmic resistance is equal to the voltage drop value divided by the current: R ¼ DU=I.…”