Arbidol, ethyl-6-bromo-4-[(dimethylamino)-methyl]-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-[(phenylthio)methyl]-in dole-3-carboxylate hydrochloride monohydrate, is an antiviral chemical agent. In this report, we studied the antiviral activity of arbidol against a panel of human respiratory viruses, namely influenza A virus (FLU-A, A/PR/8/34 H1N1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus type 14 (HRV 14), coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) and adenovirus type 7 (AdV-7) in vitro in cell culture. Arbidol was found to present potent inhibitory activity against enveloped and non-enveloped RNA viruses, including FLU-A, RSV, HRV 14 and CVB3 when added before, during, or after viral infection, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 2.7 to 13.8 microg/ml. However, arbidol showed selective antiviral activity against AdV-7, a DNA virus, only when added after infection (therapeutic index (TI) = 5.5). Orally administered arbidol at 50 or 100 mg/kg/day beginning 24 h pre-virus exposure for 6 days significantly reduced mean pulmonary virus yields and the rate of mortality in mice infected with FLU-A (A/PR/8/34 H1N1). Our results suggest that arbidol has the ability to elicit protective broad-spectrum antiviral activity against a number of human pathogenic respiratory viruses.
Harvesting biobased epoxy resins
with improved thermomechanical
properties (e.g., glass transition temperature T
g and storage modulus), mechanical and dielectric similar and
even superior to that of bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) is vital
to many applications, yet remains a substantial challenge. Here we
develop a novel eugenol-based epoxy monomer (TEU-EP) with a branched
topology and a very rich biobased retention (80 wt %). TEU-EP can
be well cured by 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (33DDS) and the
resultant TEU-EP/33DDS system can be considered as a “single”
epoxy component, exhibiting adequate reactivity at high processing
temperatures. Importantly, compared with DGEBA/33DDS, TEU-EP/33DDS
achieves a 33 °C, 39% and 55% increment in the glass transition
temperature, Young’s modulus, and hardness, respectively, and
shows the improved creep resistance and dimensional stability. TEU-EP/33DDS
is also characterized by the considerably reduced permittivity, dielectric
loss factor, and flammability with high yield of pyrolytic residual.
Overall, TEU-EP endows the cured epoxy with a number of the distinguished
properties outperforming its DGEBA counterpart, and therefore may
find practical applications in demanding and even cutting-edge areas.
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