Internal Migration and Vulnerability to Poverty in Tanzania

Pietrelli, Rebecca; Scaramozzino, Pasquale

doi:10.1111/padr.12247

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…All the same, one key means of rural households in diversifying their livelihoods is sending a household member to the urban sector (Oteng-Ababio et al 2018). Despite the lower attraction the urban sector may have, cities provide the opportunity to distribute risks, and especially to maintain income that is not likely to be affected by climate shocks, as in agriculture (Pietrelli and Scaramozzino 2019). Ruralurban migrants in SSA are relied upon to remit monies (Lucas 1985;Schrieder and Knerr 2000) and therefore cannot afford to engage in conflict, which may jeopardise their income and place in the urban setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young migrants are often sent by households seeking to diversify their risks (Dustmann and Okatenko 2014;Lucas 1985;Mckenzie and Rapoport 2007). Indeed, rural households often strategically rely on remittances from migrants to the urban sector (Awumbila et al 2016;Pietrelli and Scaramozzino 2019;Schrieder and Knerr 2000;Stark and Taylor 1991).…”

Section: Migration and Urban Youth Bulges In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migrant-based youth bulges and social conflict in urban sub-Saharan Africa

Oren¹

2020

DemRes

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BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced relatively high population growth, which raises concerns about the potential contribution of large young cohorts, termed 'youth bulges', to unrest. Youth bulges, under the right circumstances, can expand productivity and boost economic growth, but they have also been found to enable civil war, corruption, and democracy collapse, especially where resources are scarce. OBJECTIVE This paper considers youth bulges characterised by high proportions of rural-urban migrants and examines their effects on the likelihood of social conflict in urban sub-Saharan Africa between 1990 and 2013. METHODS United Nations data on urban and rural populations by age and sex is combined with the Social Conflict Analysis Database to create a cross-section time series dataset. Negative binomial models are used to examine the relationship between youth bulges and conflict using country level fixed effects. RESULTS The study finds that a migrant-based youth bulge does not increase the likelihood of urban social conflict in sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, female youth bulges, often neglected when studying conflict, are found to increase the likelihood of conflict. CONCLUSIONS The overall disassociation between young rural-urban migrants and social conflict is encouraging. All the same, women were found to play a role in conflict, and women should therefore be considered in future studies. CONTRIBUTION This article characterises the composition of youth bulges-an important factor that has previously been ignored-by examining whether youth bulges composed largely of

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Migration and Urban Youth Bulges In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant-based youth bulges and social conflict in urban sub-Saharan Africa

Oren¹

2020

DemRes

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“…According to their findings, 37.7% of the households are vulnerable. Finally, Pietrelli and Scaramozzino (2019) have examined how internal migration affects vulnerability to poverty in Tanzania. The study using causal inference methods has suggested that households with at least one migrant are less vulnerable to poverty.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Türkiye'de Yoksulluğa Karşı Kırılganlık

Limanli

2020

Ekonomi, Politika &Amp; Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi

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For many years, researchers have focused only on revealing the profile of poor or demonstrate determinants of poverty. All these initiatives are carried out after individuals/households fall into poverty. It is to prevent individuals from falling into poverty which is critical for policymaking. Therefore, it is essential to know what determines vulnerability to poverty. In this context, present study aims to demonstrate the size and determinants of vulnerability to poverty in Turkey by taking advantage of two methods which one considers the vulnerability as expected poverty and other as low expected utility. Data come from Survey on Income and Living Conditions and covers the period 2006-2017. Analysis has been performed at both the cross-sectional and panel data level. According to the findings obtained from the pooled cross-sectional data, 13% of households are vulnerable. Regional analysis shows that there is a big difference between East and West in terms of vulnerability to poverty. Findings from the model based on expected utility theory using panel data have revealed that vulnerability to poverty in the period 2006-2009 and 2014-2017 is 0.49 and 0.55, respectively. Education level, employment and health status of household leader are the most critical factors that determine vulnerability to poverty.

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“…Migration is an effective strategy to offset income fluctuations and diversify income options for poor rural households (Banerjee and Duflo 2007;Bryan, Chowdhury, and Mobarak 2014;Khandker and Mahmud 2012;Pietrelli and Scaramozzino 2019;Stark and Bloom 1985;Sugden et al 2022). Given widespread and severe rural labour market imperfections, migration of individual household members is often the preferred choice for income diversification (Khandker and Mahmud 2012;Mishra 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%