Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT): Association with other adipose tissue compartments and insulin sensitivity

Boettcher, Michael; Machann, Jürgen; Stefan, Norbert; Thamer, Claus; Häring, Hans‐Ulrich; Claussen, Claus D.; Fritsche, Andreas; Schick, Fritz

doi:10.1002/jmri.21754

Cited by 172 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…age (1), inflammation (2,3), type II diabetes mellitus (4), insulin resistance (5,6), and conditions of chronic pain (7). In this fatty depot, lipids are stored as adipocytes located between and within individual skeletal muscle groups (interand intramuscular fat, respectively), or as fat droplets within the muscle cells' cytoplasm (intramyocellular lipids (IMCL)).…”

Section: Fat Quantification In Skeletal Muscle Using Multigradient-ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noninvasive imaging-based measurement of inter-muscular adipose tissue has previously been performed from T 1 -weighted imaging where fatty and lean tissue is segmented using threshold values (5,6). Unfortunately, this technique is insensitive to the low fat concentrations expected of intramuscular fat and IMCL (8,10).…”

Section: Fat Quantification In Skeletal Muscle Using Multigradient-ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references

Peterson

Romu

Brorson

et al. 2015

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

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Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal 1 Fat quantification in skeletal muscleFat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: comparison of fat and water references 2 Fat quantification in skeletal muscle AbstractPurpose: To compare the precision, accuracy, and repeatability of water/fat imaging-based fat quantification in muscle tissue using small or large flip angles (FAs), and a water or fat reference for calculation of the proton density fat fraction (FF). Materials and methods:An Intralipid phantom and both forearms of six patients suffering from lymphedema and ten healthy volunteers were investigated in a 1.5T scanner. Two multigradient-echo sequences with eight echo times and FAs of 10° and 85° were acquired, respectively. For healthy volunteers, the acquisition of the right arm was performed twice with repositioning. From each set, water reference FF and fat reference FF images were reconstructed and the average FF and the standard deviation were calculated within the subfascial compartment. The small FA water reference was considered the reference standard.Results: The use of a fat reference effectively avoided bias due to T 1 weighting when using a large FA. The large FA fat reference approach also resulted in the highest precision, but no significant difference in repeatability between the various methods was detected. Conclusion:The precision of fat quantification in muscle tissue can be increased with maintained accuracy using a larger flip angle, if a fat reference instead of a water reference is used.

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Section: Fat Quantification In Skeletal Muscle Using Multigradient-ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fat Quantification In Skeletal Muscle Using Multigradient-ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references

Peterson

Romu

Brorson

et al. 2015

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

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“…Intramuscular adipose tissue—here defined as clusters of adipocytes interspersed between skeletal muscle fibres—is generally associated with systemic insulin resistance,18, 19 decreased muscle strength20 and, in older adults, impaired mobility 21, 22, 2324.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncoupling protein 1 expression in adipocytes derived from skeletal muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors is under genetic and hormonal control

Gorski

Mathes

Krützfeldt

2018

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundIntramuscular fatty infiltration is generally associated with the accumulation of white adipocytes in skeletal muscle and unfavourable metabolic outcomes. It is, however, still unclear whether intramuscular adipocytes could also acquire a brown‐like phenotype. Here, we detected intramuscular expression of brown adipocyte markers during fatty infiltration in an obesity‐resistant mouse strain and extensively compared the potential of two different stem cell populations residing in skeletal muscle to differentiate into brown‐like adipocytes.MethodsFatty infiltration was induced using intramuscular glycerol or cardiotoxin injection in the tibialis anterior muscles of young or aged 129S6/SvEvTac (Sv/129) mice or interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) knockout mice, and the expression of general and brown adipocyte markers was assessed after 4 weeks. Fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and myogenic progenitors were prospectively isolated using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting from skeletal muscle of male and female C57Bl6/6J and Sv/129 mice, and monoclonal and polyclonal cultures were treated with brown adipogenic medium. Additionally, FAPs were differentiated with medium supplemented or not with triiodothyronine.ResultsAlthough skeletal muscle expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) was barely detectable in uninjected tibialis anterior muscle, it was drastically induced following intramuscular adipogenesis in Sv/129 mice and further increased in response to beta 3‐adrenergic stimulation. Intramuscular Ucp1 expression did not depend on IL‐6 and was preserved in aged skeletal muscle. Myogenic progenitors did not form adipocytes neither in polyclonal nor monoclonal cultures. Fibro/adipogenic progenitors, on the other hand, readily differentiated into brown‐like, UCP1+ adipocytes. Uncoupling protein 1 expression in differentiated FAPs was regulated by genetic background, sex, and triiodothyronine treatment independently of adipogenic differentiation levels.ConclusionsIntramuscular adipogenesis is associated with increased Ucp1 expression in skeletal muscle from obesity‐resistant mice. Fibro/adipogenic progenitors provide a likely source for intramuscular adipocytes expressing UCP1 under control of both genetic and hormonal factors. Therefore, FAPs constitute a possible target for therapies aiming at the browning of intramuscular adipose tissue and the metabolic improvement of skeletal muscle affected by fatty infiltration.

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“…IMF vs IeMF: Previous studies have focused on the metabolic impact of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content (i.e., lipid droplets stored in the cytoplasm of muscle cells) and extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) content, which can reliably be assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS). The deposition of IMCL could be altered in prediabetic or obese subjects, and could probably be associated with insulin resistance [29,30] . A study that compared persons with paraplegia to ND controls showed that IMCL was not different in the paralyzed muscles.…”

Section: Peripheral Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity and spinal cord injury

Gorgey¹

2015

WJO

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The drastic changes in body composition following spinal cord injury (SCI) have been shown to play a significant role in cardiovascular and metabolic health. The pattern of storage and distribution of different types of adipose tissue may impact metabolic health variables similar to carbohydrate, lipid and bone metabolism. The use of magnetic resonance imaging provides insights on the interplay among different regional adipose tissue compartments and their role in developing chronic diseases. Regional adipose tissue can be either distributed centrally or peripherally into subcutaneous and ectopic sites. The primary ectopic adipose tissue sites are visceral, intramuscular and bone marrow. Dysfunction in the central nervous system following SCI impacts the pattern of distribution of adiposity especially between tetraplegia and paraplegia. The current editorial is focused primarily on introducing different types of adipose tissue and establishing scientific basis to develop appropriate dietary, rehabilitation or pharmaceutical interventions to manage the negative consequences of increasing adiposity after SCI. We have also summarized the clinical implications and future recommendations relevant to study adiposity after SCI.

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Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT): Association with other adipose tissue compartments and insulin sensitivity

Cited by 172 publications

References 40 publications

Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references

Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references

Uncoupling protein 1 expression in adipocytes derived from skeletal muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors is under genetic and hormonal control

Adiposity and spinal cord injury

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