Intermittent blood flow occlusion modulates neuromuscular, perceptual, and cardiorespiratory determinants of exercise tolerance during cycling

McCLEAN, Zachary J; Zhang, Jenny; Khaledi, Neda; Mh, Yacoub; Aboodarda, Saied Jalal

doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05242-z

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Knee extensions were performed through 0-90° rotation of the knee where a metronome maintained two seconds of concentric, one second isometric, and two seconds of eccentric contraction, repeated for the duration of the exercise, for a total of 24 contractions. BFO was induced using a rapid inflator system (E20 AG101; Hokanson, Bellevue WA, USA) and an adult-sized cuff placed at the proximal end of the thigh which was inflated to 300 mmHg to ensure full blood flow occlusion of the exercised leg (Azevedo et al ., 2022; Zhang et al ., 2023; McClean et al ., 2023). The BFO was initiated prior to the beginning of knee extension protocol and was released once the 2-min exercise was completed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Hughes & Patterson (2020) found the same results following 4 sets (30, 15, 15, 15 repetitions, respectively) of unilateral leg press at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) superimposed with BFO. On the contrary, Song and colleagues (2022) observed EIH after 4 sets of submaximal unilateral leg press without the addition of BFO; these investigators concluded that although BFO could increase the perceived volume of exercise by reducing exercise tolerance (Broxterman et al ., 2015; Zhang et al ., 2023; McClean et al ., 2023), an occlusion application on its own was insufficient to induce EIH. Regardless of divergence in exercise protocols, no prior work, to our knowledge, has examined whether performing BFO during a single bout of low-intensity dynamic exercise can induce EIH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood flow occlusion superimposed on submaximal knee extensions does not evoke hypoalgesia: A pilot study

Morgan,

Lemay,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a transient decrease in pain perception that can be observed following various tasks, including non-painful low-intensity and painful high-intensity exercise. The application of blood flow occlusion (BFO) can help enhance exercise adaptations while being able to exercise at a low intensity, which has important implications for clinical and rehabilitative settings. Through descending inhibitory pathways, BFO-induced pain can potentially alleviate exercise-induced pain. This study aimed to assess whether the superimposition of BFO - and its associated augmented perceived responses - during low-intensity, low-volume resistance exercise could induce hypoalgesia. Nineteen healthy adults (10 females) attended three sessions: i) no exercise (CTRL), ii) two minutes of dynamic single-leg knee extension at 10% body weight (EXER), and iii) EXER with complete occlusion applied to the upper exercising leg (OCCL). Handheld algometry-derived pain pressure threshold (PPT) of the trapezius and contralateral and ipsilateral rectus femoris muscles were measured pre- and post-exercise, and after 5 and 10 min of recovery. Perceived pain (0-10) and effort (6-20) were also rated after exercise. Although pain and effort were augmented in the OCCL condition (Pain: 6 ± 2; Effort: 14 ± 3) compared to CTRL (Pain: 2 ± 2, p<0.001; Effort 9 ± 2, p=0.017), PPT of all muscles did not change across time nor between any conditions. Therefore, the low-intensity, low-volume resistance exercise prescribed in the present study was insufficient to evoke EIH even with the application of BFO-induced pain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow occlusion superimposed on submaximal knee extensions does not evoke hypoalgesia: A pilot study

Morgan,

Lemay,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Metabolite accumulation stimulates type III/IV afferent nerves, which signal the central nervous system, increasing the sensation of pain (Pollak et al., 2014 ) and decreasing corticospinal excitability (Sidhu et al., 2018 ). It is likely that this partially explains both the reduction in the time required to reach task failure during BFR exercise (Broxterman, Ade et al., 2015 , Broxterman, Craig et al., 2015 ; Cook et al., 2013 ; Copithorne & Rice, 2019 ; Hammer et al., 2020 ; McClean et al., 2023 ; Wernbom et al., 2009 ) and noted impairments immediately after exercise with BFR in common assessments of neuromuscular function such as maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force output, voluntary activation and twitch force output (Broxterman, Craig et al., 2015 ; Cook et al., 2013 ; Hammer et al., 2020 ; Hill et al., 2022 ; Husmann et al., 2018 ; Karabulut et al., 2010 ; McClean et al., 2023 ). While these data highlight the immediate effects of BFR, less is known regarding the recovery of neuromuscular function after exercise with BFR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The addition of blood flow restriction during resistance exercise does not increase prolonged low‐frequency force depression

Pignanelli,

Robertson,

Hirsch

et al. 2024

Experimental Physiology

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At a given exercise intensity, blood flow restriction (BFR) reduces the volume of exercise required to impair post‐exercise neuromuscular function. Compared to traditional exercise, the time course of recovery is less clear. After strenuous exercise, force output assessed with electrical muscle stimulation is impaired to a greater extent at low versus high stimulation frequencies, a condition known as prolonged low‐frequency force depression (PLFFD). It is unclear if BFR increases PLFFD after exercise. This study tested if BFR during exercise increases PLFFD and slows recovery of neuromuscular function compared to regular exercise. Fifteen physically active participants performed six low‐load sets of knee‐extensions across four conditions: resistance exercise to task failure (RETF), resistance exercise to task failure with BFR applied continuously (BFRCONT) or intermittently (BFRINT), and resistance exercise matched to the lowest exercise volume condition (REVM). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force output, voluntary activation and a force–frequency (1–100 Hz) curve were measured before and 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24 h after exercise. Exercise to task failure caused similar reductions at 0 h for voluntary activation (RETF = 81.0 ± 14.2%, BFRINT = 80.9 ± 12.4% and BFRCONT = 78.6 ± 10.7%) and MVC force output (RETF = 482 ± 168 N, BFRINT = 432 ± 174 N, and BFRCONT = 443 ± 196 N), which recovered to baseline values between 4 and 24 h. PLFFD occurred only after RETF at 1 h supported by a higher frequency to evoke 50% of the force production at 100 Hz (1 h: 17.5 ± 4.4 vs. baseline: 15 ± 4.1 Hz, P = 0.0023), BFRINT (15.5 ± 4.0 Hz; P = 0.03), and REVM (14.9 ± 3.1 Hz; P = 0.002), with a trend versus BFRCONT (15.7 ± 3.5 Hz; P = 0.063). These findings indicate that, in physically active individuals, using BFR during exercise does not impair the recovery of neuromuscular function by 24 h post‐exercise.

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Intermittent blood flow occlusion modulates neuromuscular, perceptual, and cardiorespiratory determinants of exercise tolerance during cycling

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Blood flow occlusion superimposed on submaximal knee extensions does not evoke hypoalgesia: A pilot study

Blood flow occlusion superimposed on submaximal knee extensions does not evoke hypoalgesia: A pilot study

The addition of blood flow restriction during resistance exercise does not increase prolonged low‐frequency force depression

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