Intermediate-temperature ionic liquid NaFSA-KFSA and its application to sodium secondary batteries

Aromatic porous-honeycomb electrodes for a sodium-organic energy storage device

“…6), which are performed as state-ofthe-art high-performance cathodes for Na-ion batteries, and are much higher than for other intercalation compounds such as fluorophosphates 12,13 , NASICONs 14 and olivines 15 . By combing state-of-the-arts anodes 27,56,57 , and electrolytes, such as ionic liquids 58 or NaPF 6 in EC:PC (ref. 59), the safety problem, which is one of the most important points for any practical technology, of a sodium-organic energy storage device could be improved.…”

Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Hard Carbon Negative Electrodes for Sodium Secondary Batteries Using the Na[FSA]–[C₃C₁pyrr][FSA] Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Sodium is abundant in the crust and seawater, showing a relatively low standard redox potential (¹2.71 V vs. SHE). Thus, batteries with low cost and high energy density can be constructed.…”

“…5,6 We have already reported that Na[TFSA]-Cs[TFSA] (TFSA = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide) and Na[FSA]-K[FSA] (FSA = bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide) ionic liquids are promising electrolytes for sodium secondary batteries operating at an intermediate temperature range (>353 K). [1][2][3][4] However, these salts are solid at room temperature, while electrolytes with lower melting points are more desirable for the construction of batteries for a wide range of practical applications. Recently, we developed a new electrolyte, Na [FSA]-[C 3 C 1 pyrr][FSA] (C 3 C 1 pyrr = N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium), that is a liquid in a wide temperature range, including room temperature.…”

Sodium ion dynamics in a sulfonate based ionomer system studied by 23Na solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy

“…At these temperatures the electrodes are molten and the b-alumina ceramic electrolyte acts as an electrically insulating separator, therefore reducing the risk of internal short circuits [5]. However, the energy density of these batteries is reduced as heaters and thermal insulation are required to maintain these high operating temperatures to ensure sufficient ionic conductivity of the sodium ions [12]. Alternative solid electrolyte materials, such as those based on polymers that can operate at ambient temperatures, could resolve these issues.…”