Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Hard Carbon Negative Electrodes for Sodium Secondary Batteries Using the Na[FSA]&amp;ndash;[C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;pyrr][FSA] Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Yamamoto, Takayuki; Yamaguchi, Tetsuji; Hagiwara, Rika; Fukunaga, Atsushi; Sakai, Shoichiro; Nitta, Koji

doi:10.5796/electrochemistry.85.391

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The coulombic efficiency was higher than 99% during the (dis‐)charge tests except for the initial few cycles. The same research group tested the Pyr 13 FSI–NaFSI electrolyte with several cathode and anode materials, such as hard carbon, [ 74–76 ] Na 2 FeP 2 O 7 , [ 77,78 ] Na 1.56 Fe 1.22 P 2 O 7 , [ 79 ] Na 2 MnSiO 4 , [ 80 ] TiO 2 , [ 81 ] NaFeO 4 , [ 82 ] Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 , [ 83 ] Na 2/3 Fe 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 , [ 84 ] demonstrating the suitability of the electrolyte for SIBs applications, evidencing that the SIBs employing the IL electrolyte perform well in the mid‐high temperature range (60–80 °C). However, the performance at RT suffers because of the lower conductivity and higher viscosity of the IL‐based electrolyte in comparison to the conventional carbonate‐based systems.…”

Section: Electrolytes For Na‐based Rechargeable Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes and Interphases in Sodium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Eshetu

Elia

Armand

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

298

258

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technologies. Unlike lithium, whose market is already very tight, sodium mineral deposits are almost infinite, evenly distributed worldwide, much easier to extract and thereby attainable at low cost. [1][2][3][4] If the realization of Na-rechargeable batteries could be practically possible, there will be nearly three orders of magnitude relaxation in the constraints on lithium-based resources, accompanied by sustainability, improved environmental benevolence, and cost reduction ( Table 1). Even more appealing is the possible use of the widely available and lighter aluminum, rather than copper, as negative current collector and hard carbon from renewable sources instead of graphite for the negative electrode. Finally, the stability of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in the fully discharged state would significantly enhance the safety associated with the shipment of large-format SIBs worldwide.These beneficial features of sodiumbased cells revived the research work on Na-based rechargeable batteries and accordingly captured the attention of both the academic research and industry sectors. However, similar to LIB, most of the research work in Na-based batteries have focused on the development and elaboration of negative and positive For sodium (Na)-rechargeable batteries to compete, and go beyond the currently prevailing Li-ion technologies, mastering the chemistry and accompanying phenomena is of supreme importance. Among the crucial components of the battery system, the electrolyte, which bridges the highly polarized positive and negative electrode materials, is arguably the most critical and indispensable of all. The electrolyte dictates the interfacial chemistry of the battery and the overall performance, having an influence over the practical capacity, rate capability (power), chemical/thermal stress (safety), and lifetime. In-depth knowledge of electrolyte properties provides invaluable information to improve the design, assembly, and operation of the battery. Thus, the full-scale appraisal of both tailored electrolytes and the concomitant interphases generated at the electrodes need to be prioritized. The deployment of large-format Na-based rechargeable batteries also necessitates systematic evaluation and detailed appraisal of the safety-related hazards of Na-based batteries. Hence, this review presents a comprehensive account of the progress, status, and prospect of various Na + -ion electrolytes, including solvents, salts and additives, their interphases and potential hazards.

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Section: Electrolytes For Na‐based Rechargeable Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes and Interphases in Sodium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Eshetu

Elia

Armand

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

298

258

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“…In the field of Na batteries, ionic liquids remain quite novel. Their compatibility in Na‐ion technologies against hard carbon materials has been reported as well as against Na metal anodes . Currently, only a small fraction of a percent of global ESS is supplied by batteries (Pb‐acid), while the lion's share of 95% is via inflexible pumped‐hydro energy storage (>100 GW).…”

Section: Importance and Motivation For Advanced Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids and Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals: Advanced Electrolytes for Safer High Performance Sodium Energy Storage Technologies

Basile

Hilder

Makhlooghiazad

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

129

123

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computers and power tools, and emergent energy storage solutions for transport or for storing renewable energy in an ever-evolving 'smart grid'. Each of these products requires diverse battery technologies, with many batteries well-suited for specific cases, e.g., Li-ion batteries for the electrification of vehicles due to their light weight and therefore intrinsic energy density (typically 100-265 Wh kg −1 ). In fact, the adoption and penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the transport market is quickly becoming synonymous with battery research, with advanced lithium technologies such as lithium-sulfur (Li-S) and lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) envisaged as the next generation of batteries to power our vehicles (theoretical energy densities of 2567 and 3505 Wh kg −1 respectively). [3] Lithium technologies power many of our modern devices and so are well understood, however sodium chemistries share commonalities. They are also well known because both Li and Na batteries were investigated in tandem near the end of the last century prior to the commercialization of Li-ion by Sony. [2,4] In fact, Sodium battery energy storage systems (ESS) precede Li-ion, with the description of a β-Al 2 O 3 Na + ion conducting solid electrolyte in the 1960s by Kummer and Weber of Ford Motor Co which enabled sodium/sulfur technologies. [5] Since then, sodium technologies have found use in stationary applications and usually consist of one of two battery technologies, these are Na-S and zero emission battery research activities. [6] Both these cell chemistries require operation at elevated temperatures (≈300 °C) which enables the use of a molten sodium Electrolytes composed entirely of salts, namely, ionic liquid solvents paired with a target ion salt, have been studied extensively within lithium batteries and have recently garnered interest as advanced electrolytes for sodium chemistries. In this review, the unique properties of ionic liquid electrolytes and their solid-state analogs, organic ionic plastic crystals, are examined. Structure-property relationships, the effect of salt addition, cation and anion functionalization, and their effect upon physicochemical and thermal character are discussed. The authors discuss the use of ionic liquid electrolytes paired with organic solvents (referred to as hybrids) and briefly present the impact of using water as an additive. The majority of the literature presented herein covers studies of sodium electrolytes at Na + concentrations greater than 50 mol%, labelled as superconcentrated electrolytes, which have recently been investigated for their beneficial device performance and improved target ion mobility. The developing research of ionic liquids toward the oxygen reduction reaction is also presented toward the realization of Na-O 2 chemistries to rival that of conventional Li-ion; gaining fundamental understanding of the active species during discharge, its resultant nucleation and character. Additionally, the properties of the electrode-electrolyte interface resulting from the interaction...

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“…Many researchers have reported a variety of active materials and electrolytes for NIBs, and several groups, including ours, have focused on developing ionic liquid electrolytes that fulfill both safety and performance requirements. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Our group has developed the ionic liquid Na[FSA]-[C 3 C 1 pyrr][FSA] (FSA = bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide, C 3 C 1 pyrr = N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium), and found that the composition of x(Na[FSA]) = 0.20 (x(Na[FSA]) = molar fraction of Na[FSA]) exhibited a reasonably high ionic conductivity of 3.6 mS cm ¹1 and a wide electrochemical window of ca. 5 V at 298 K. 24 The standard redox potential of Na + /Na in water is higher than that of Li + /Li by 0.3 V, which decreases the energy densities of NIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have shown that a variety of active materials can be used in the ionic liquid Na[FSA]-[C 3 C 1 pyrr][FSA]. [25][26][27] Very recently, we realized a practical sodium-ion full cell consisting of a hard carbon (HC) negative electrode and a NaCrO 2 positive electrode, which reached energy densities of 125 Wh L ¹1 and 75 Wh kg ¹1 at an operating temperature range of 298-363 K. 28 However, the sodiumion concentration of the ionic liquid electrolyte was as low as 1 mol dm ¹3 , and there is room to improve the performance by increasing the composition of Na [FSA]. In fact, the NaCrO 2 positive electrode shows better rate capability at a composition of x(Na[FSA]) = 0.40 or 0.50.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the Mechanism of Improved Performance for Sodium-ion Batteries by Utilizing Three-electrode Cells: Effects of Sodium-ion Concentration in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

et al. 2019

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We investigated the full-cell performance of sodium-ion batteries composed of a hard carbon (HC) negative electrode, a NaCrO 2 positive electrode, and an ionic liquid electrolyte Na[FSA]-[C 3 C 1 pyrr][FSA] (FSA = bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide, C 3 C 1 pyrr = N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium) at 333 K. Before the full-cell tests, charge-discharge tests of the Na/HC and Na/NaCrO 2 half cells were conducted, from which the practical capacities were determined to be ca. 250 mAh (g-HC) −1 and ca. 115 mAh (g-NaCrO 2) −1 , respectively. Using these capacities, the performance of HC/NaCrO 2 full cells with practical loading masses was evaluated by three-electrode cells with a sodium metal reference electrode, and the energy density was calculated to be 177 Wh (kg-(NaCrO 2 + HC)) −1. In particular, we focused on the effect of the sodium-ion concentration on the performance by varying the molar fraction of Na[FSA] (x(Na[FSA])) from 0.20 to 0.50. The best rate capability was obtained at a composition of x(Na[FSA]) = 0.50. The effect of the sodium-ion concentration was discussed in terms of the potential profiles of the positive and negative electrodes. The results were explained by the sodium-ion supplying capability of the electrolyte inside the electrode, where the sodium insertion reaction occurs.

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Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Hard Carbon Negative Electrodes for Sodium Secondary Batteries Using the Na[FSA]–[C<sub>3</sub>C<sub>1</sub>pyrr][FSA] Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Electrolytes and Interphases in Sodium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Electrolytes and Interphases in Sodium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Ionic Liquids and Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals: Advanced Electrolytes for Safer High Performance Sodium Energy Storage Technologies

Probing the Mechanism of Improved Performance for Sodium-ion Batteries by Utilizing Three-electrode Cells: Effects of Sodium-ion Concentration in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

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