Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere

Bieniek, Artur; Jerzak, Wojciech; Sieradzka, Małgorzata; Mika, Łukasz; Sztekler, Karol; Magdziarz, Aneta

doi:10.3390/en15072491

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The elemental composition of spent grain (carbon—46.8%, hydrogen—7.0%, oxygen—38.7%, nitrogen—0.7%, and sulphur—0.3%) does not meet the standards for fossil fuels [ 19 ]. Similar results of elemental analysis were obtained by other researchers [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], except for the amount of nitrogen, which was at the level of 3.46–5.45%. The discussed direction of spent grain use may not cover the total demand of the brewery for energy but it may be a stimulus for the introduction of a 100% renewable energy plan in a brewery.…”

Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…13.6%). BSG analysed by Bieniek et al [ 23 ] contained lower amounts of fixed carbon—8.85%, and the samples tested by Coronado et al [ 20 ] contained bound carbon at the level of 17.48%. A high content of bound carbon and volatile substances increase the calorific value of all biomass fuels [ 19 , 21 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments showing the influence of the carrier gas on the amount and quality of pyrolysis products achieved from the thermal process of BSG were conducted by Bieńek et al [ 23 ]. Three types of carrier gases were investigated (nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide) at three temperatures (500, 600, and 700 °C).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Brewer’s Spent Grain after Beer Production for Energy Purposes

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to assess the possibilities to use brewer’s spent grains (BSGs) left over from beer production for energy purposes, and to determine its calorific value and chemical composition. The research materials were samples of wet spent grain from a brewery in Poland. Three samples, that are different in ingredient composition, were examined. The examined samples of BSGs were characterised by humidity that is typical for this product (approx. 77–80%). Convective drying of the spent grain contributed to a reduction in the water content in the biomass to below 10%. Samples of dry spent grain that were examined contained a similar amount of ash (3.8–4.1% d.m.) and organic matter (91.0–91.9% d.m.). All the examined spent grain samples demonstrated similar volatile matter content—approx. 77.8–78.7% d.m. and calorific value—approx. 15.6–15.9 MJ/kg. The estimated calorific value for wet samples (approx. 1.4–2.0 MJ/kg) indicated that it is necessary to lower water content in the biomass in order to improve its energy properties.

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Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Brewer’s Spent Grain after Beer Production for Energy Purposes

et al. 2022

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“…Then, Bieniek, et al [39] researched the effect of biomass particle size on the yield of pyrolysis products. It was found that the small particles promoted cracking of the intermediates in the pyrolysis reaction, resulting in greater production of H2 and CO and less CO2.…”

Section: The Biofuels Production In the Pyrolysis Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass – Technical and Process Achievements, and Future Development – A Review

Igliński¹,

Kujawski²,

Kiełkowska³

2023

Preprint

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Pyrolysis has been applied in the human economy for many years, and it has become a significant alternative to the production of chemical compounds, including biofuels. The article focuses mostly on recent achievements in the technical and processing aspects of pyrolysis. This review provides an overview of the recent advanced pyrolysis technology used in gas, bio-oil, and biochar production. The key parameters to maximize the production of specific chemical compounds were discussed and considered during the construction of the reactors. The emphasis is put on optimizing the process parameters, technical requirements, and renewable energy use in the process and conception to improve the efficiency of product production. The application of pyrolysis gas, oil, and biochar as valuable chemical compounds are related to the intensifying effects of climate change, biofuel production, and waste management in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.

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“…A lack of landfills, environmental concerns, and public understanding all add to the concern about appropriate sustainable waste management. People are consuming more and producing vast amounts of garbage in order to reach higher living standards, and enterprises are expanding to accommodate these demands [1]. As a result, these unsustainable habits put additional strain on the ecosystem, which is already under stress, necessitating immediate action to undo the impact and safeguard the world for generations to come.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis Valorization of Vegetable Wastes: Thermal, Kinetic, Thermodynamics, and Pyrogas Analyses

et al. 2022

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In comparison to other methods, valorising food waste through pyrolysis appears to be the most promising because it is environmentally friendly, fast, and has a low infrastructure footprint. On the other hand, understanding the pyrolytic kinetic behaviour of feedstocks is critical to the design of pyrolysers. As a result, the pyrolytic degradation of some common kitchen vegetable waste, such as tomato, cucumber, carrot, and their blend, has been investigated in this study using a thermogravimetric analyser. The most prevalent model fitting method, Coats–Redfern, was used for the kinetic analysis, and the various mechanisms have been investigated. Some high-quality fitting mechanisms were identified and used to estimate the thermodynamic properties. As the generation of pyrolysis gases for chemical/energy production is important to the overall process applicability, TGA-coupled mass spectrometry was used to analyse the pyrogas for individual and blend samples. By comparing the devolatilization properties of the blend with single feedstocks, the presence of chemical interactions/synergistic effects between the vegetable samples in the blend was validated. The model, based on a first-order reaction mechanism, was found to be the best-fitting model for predicting the pyrolysis kinetics. The calculated thermodynamic properties (ΔH (enthalpy change ≈ E (activation energy))) demonstrated that pyrolysis of the chosen feedstocks is technically feasible. According to the TGA–MS analysis, blending had a considerable impact on the pyrogas, resulting in CO2 composition reductions of 17.10%, 9.11%, and 16.79%, respectively, in the cases of tomato, cucumber, and carrot. Overall, this study demonstrates the viability of the pyrolysis of kitchen vegetable waste as a waste management alternative, as well as an effective and sustainable source of pyrogas.

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Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

The Use of Brewer’s Spent Grain after Beer Production for Energy Purposes

The Use of Brewer’s Spent Grain after Beer Production for Energy Purposes

Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass – Technical and Process Achievements, and Future Development – A Review

Pyrolysis Valorization of Vegetable Wastes: Thermal, Kinetic, Thermodynamics, and Pyrogas Analyses

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