Interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 in vaginal fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis

Weißenbacher, Tobias; Walter, Christina; Mylonas, Ioannis; Scholz, Christoph; Gingelmaier, Andrea; Friese, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s00404-009-1072-6

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Researchers have reported that an increase in IL-12 was present in women with increased vaginal pH, a characteristic of women with BV compared to health women [16, 29], and we also found statistically significant values. In our study, we found that increased IL-12 was associated with BV patients co-infected with HPV strains ( P = 0.039), but not those who have coinfection with high-risk HPV strains ( P = 0.256).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Many of these cytokines, known as interleukins (IL), are produced by certain populations of leukocytes residing in the bloodstream, including monocytes, neutrophils, or eosinophils [12, 15]. The pattern of immune response can be divided into Th1, Th2, and Treg, these three patterns are best known; however, others as the Th-17 have been described [16]. Increase in the levels of IL-10 from T lymphocytes in culture supports the hypothesis that the immunosuppression of Th2 cytokines may promote the development of cervical lesions [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Campos

Murta

Michelin

et al. 2012

ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objective. To verify the relationship between vaginal pH and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and to measure cytokine levels in endocervical secretions of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) or HPV. Methods. 173 women (16–48 years old) were enrolled and divided into groups: BV, HPV, and controls. Microbiological culture and vaginal pH were measured. HPV detect by PCR, and cytokines by ELISA (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ cytokines). Results. Of 173 women, 60 were control group (34.7%) and 113 were distributed in HPV (n=36, 20.8%), BV (n=36, 20.8%), vaginitis (n=30, 17.3%) and, BV and HPV-associated groups (n=11, 6.4%). Vaginal pH > 4.5 was related with HPV infection. IL-2 and IL-12 were increased in BV and HPV groups, and IL-6 (only BV group), compared to control group. IL-12 and IFN-γ were higher in HPV than BV group. Conclusion. The increase of vaginal pH was associated with HPV infection; BV and HPV groups had a Th1 cytokines immune response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Campos

Murta

Michelin

et al. 2012

ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…Additionally, we provide the first quantitative evaluation of vaginal epithelial exfoliation in BV, demonstrating increased shedding of epithelial cells in both G. vaginalis infected mice and in clinical specimens from women with BV compared to mock-infected mice or women with normal flora respectively. This epithelial response is contrasted by an absence of inflammatory cell infiltrate, consistent with the lack of vaginal inflammation found in human BV throughout the literature [51]–[53]. The results from this murine model suggest that G. vaginalis alone is sufficient to yield BV phenotypes and provide further justification for considering G. vaginalis as a contributor to the causes and complications associated with BV.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Clinical Features of Bacterial Vaginosis in a Murine Model of Vaginal Infection with Gardnerella vaginalis

2013

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a dysbiosis of the vaginal flora characterized by a shift from a Lactobacillus-dominant environment to a polymicrobial mixture including Actinobacteria and Gram-negative bacilli. BV is a common vaginal condition in women and is associated with increased risk of sexually transmitted infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth. Gardnerella vaginalis is one of the most frequently isolated bacterial species in BV. However, there has been much debate in the literature concerning the contribution of G. vaginalis to the etiology of BV, since it is also present in a significant proportion of healthy women. Here we present a new murine vaginal infection model with a clinical isolate of G. vaginalis. Our data demonstrate that this model displays key features used clinically to diagnose BV, including the presence of sialidase activity and exfoliated epithelial cells with adherent bacteria (reminiscent of clue cells). G. vaginalis was capable of ascending uterine infection, which correlated with the degree of vaginal infection and level of vaginal sialidase activity. The host response to G. vaginalis infection was characterized by robust vaginal epithelial cell exfoliation in the absence of histological inflammation. Our analyses of clinical specimens from women with BV revealed a measureable epithelial exfoliation response compared to women with normal flora, a phenotype that, to our knowledge, is measured here for the first time. The results of this study demonstrate that G. vaginalis is sufficient to cause BV phenotypes and suggest that this organism may contribute to BV etiology and associated complications. This is the first time vaginal infection by a BV associated bacterium in an animal has been shown to parallel the human disease with regard to clinical diagnostic features. Future studies with this model should facilitate investigation of important questions regarding BV etiology, pathogenesis and associated complications.

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“…It has been proposed that genital infection with GV and some species from the Mycoplamataceae family, such as UU, contribute to HPV persistence through the impairment of immune response pathways. Vaginal secretions from individuals infected with GV presented increased expression of IL10, which is associated with a reduced cytotoxic Th1 T‐cell response [Weissenbacher et al, ]. Few studies have reported the prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis in the Mexican population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens associated with HPV infection in cervical samples in a Mexican population

et al. 2015

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Cervical cancer development has been mainly associated with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. However, HPV infection is unlikely to be sufficient to cause cervical cancer, and the contribution of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) could be the determining factor for cervical lesion-progression. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of STIs associated with HPV-positivity in 201 cervical samples from patients who underwent annual routine gynecological exams. The overall prevalence of STIs was 57.7%, and the most frequent infection was Ureaplasma spp (UP) (39.8%), followed by Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) (25.9%), α-HPV (18.4%), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) (1.5%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) (0.5%). The highest prevalence rate of multiple non-HPV infections was observed for the age-range 31-40; for papillomavirus infection, the age-range was 21-30. In normal cervical samples, HPV16 was the most prevalent genotype (24.3%), followed by genotypes 58 (13.5%) and 52 (10.8%). Intriguingly, HPV18 was not detected in the study population, and genotypes 52 and 58 were found exclusively in samples with abnormal cytology. Papillomavirus infection with oncogenic types was significantly associated with GV (P = 0.025) and strongly associated with multiple non-HPV pathogens (P = 0.002). The following variables correlated significantly with cytological diagnosis of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL): GV (P = 0.028), multiple non-HPV infections (P = 0.001), and high-risk HPV positivity (P = 0.001). Epidemiological data from this study will contribute to the molecular detection of sexually transmitted pathogens from screening programs to identify those women who are at risk for developing cervical lesions.

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Interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 in vaginal fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis

Abstract: The marked alteration in the vaginal bacterial flora that is characteristic of BV does not result in enhancement or inhibition of the vaginal levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12. Mechanisms to explain this striking lack of immune system variation remain to be determined.

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Clinical Features of Bacterial Vaginosis in a Murine Model of Vaginal Infection with Gardnerella vaginalis

Prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens associated with HPV infection in cervical samples in a Mexican population

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