Interleukin 6 gene expression in normal and neoplastic B cells.

Freeman, Gordon J.; Freedman, Arnold S.; Rabinowe, SN; Segil, Jeffrey M.; Horowitz, J.C.; Rosen, Karen; Whitman, J; Nadler, Lee M.

doi:10.1172/jci114046

Cited by 146 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Earlier studies have suggested that IL-6 is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases including Hodgkin's disease [13,14]. In our study, IL-6 was estimated in the serum of healthy controls as well as patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Cytokines : as useful Prognostic Markers in Lymphoma Cases

Chopra

Chitalkar

Jaiprakash³

2004

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Cytokines are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis and enhanced expression in patients with Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Based on this phenomenon, a multicentric study was carried out in various lymphoma cases. The diagnosis of lymphoma was made on tissue biopsies and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Out of a total of 72 cases studied, 45 were of Hodgkin's lymphoma (62.5%) and 27 cases were of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (37.5%). Maximum cases of Hodgkin's disease occurred in the age group of 30-40 years and males outnumbered females. Hodgkin's lymphoma cases were predominantly of mixed cellularity histologic type (46.66%) whereas majority cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were of high grade histologic type (48.14%) with predominance in the age group 51-60 years. In both these type of lymphomas, the IL-2R and IL-6 levels were found to be increased more than four fold (as compared to healthy controls) (p<0.05). The cytokine levels decreased after chemotherapy in patients showing response to therapy. However, there were few conflicting and unreliable trends in the IL-6 levels after chemotherapy where elevated IL-6 levels persisted in patients in clinical remission. Overall, it was seen that both IL-2R and IL-6 can be used as an indicator for assessing prognosis and drug therapy in lymphoma cases. IL-2R was found to be a better prognostic marker than IL-6 in assessing the response of lymphoma patient to chemotherapy, more so in Hodgkin's disease. MJAFI 2004; 60 : 45-49

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Cytokines : as useful Prognostic Markers in Lymphoma Cases

Chopra

Chitalkar

Jaiprakash³

2004

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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“…Two B7-related molecules have been cloned from man and mouse: B7-I (Freeman et al, 1989, 1991) and B7-2 (Freeman et al, 1993a, 1993b) or B7-0 (Azuma et al, 1993. These molecules are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), comprising a V(ariab1e)-like and a C(onstant)-like domain in their extracellular regions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extending the B7 (CD80) gene family

et al. 1994

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B7-1 and B7-2 are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and important regulators of T cell-mediated immune responses. Despite sharing only limited sequence identity, B7-1 and B7-2 bind common receptors, CD28 and CTLA-4, on T cells and have similar functional properties. We have found that the extracellular V(ariab1e)-like domains of B7-I and B7-2 share significant sequence similarities with 3 major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded members of the IgSF: butyrophilin, myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and the chicken MHC molecule, B-G. This raises the question whether there is an evolutionary link between the MHC, which encodes molecules regulating the antigen specificity of T lymphocyte responses, and B7 molecules, which co-stimulate these responses in antigen-nonspecific fashion.Keywords: B7; immunoglobulin superfamily; sequence similarity; structural similarity; T cell-mediated immunity Binding of CD28 and/or CTLA-4 receptors on T cells to B7 (CD80)-related molecules on antigen-presenting cells triggers a T cell co-stimulatory pathway required for optimal immune responses (Linsley & Ledbetter, 1993). Two B7-related molecules have been cloned from man and mouse: B7-I (Freeman et al., 1989, 1991) and B7-2 (Freeman et al., 1993a, 1993b) or B7-0 (Azuma et al., 1993. These molecules are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), comprising a V(ariab1e)-like and a C(onstant)-like domain in their extracellular regions. B7-1 and B7-2 share functional properties of binding to CTLA-4 and of co-stimulating T cell responses (see Linsley & Ledbetter, 1993, for review), despite having only -25% amino acid sequence identity in their extracellular domains.As part of ongoing efforts to elucidate the molecular basis of interactions between B7-related molecules and their receptors on T cells, we have analyzed the sequences of B7-related molecules relative to other members of the IgSF. We show that much of the sequence identity in the IgSF V-like domains of B7-1 and B7-2 beyond established IgSF consensus residues is shared with 3 other members of the IgSF, which are related: butyrophilin IgSF V-like domains were analyzed using the GCG package (Genetics Computer Corporation, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 1993). Two sequence comparison tables (Dayhoff et al., 1979;Risler et al., 1988) were used and gave similar results. Alignments were performed using PILEUP; position-specific sequence profiles were calculated using PROFILEMAKE and used to search the Swiss Protein Database with PROFILESEARCH. A profile calculated from the V-like domains of B7-1 and B7-2 showed higher sequence similarity with BT than with all other sequences in the Swiss Protein Database ( Z = 6.9; Z scores >5 are considered statistically significant). Another profile was calculated from B7-l, B7-2, and the V-like domain of BT, and again used for database searching. This profile revealed higher similarity with MOG ( Z = 12.4) than with all other sequences in the Swiss Protein Database; incorporation of MOG into the profile then ga...

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“…As previously reported, IL-6 is one of the main growth and survival factors for MM cells, which can activates some signaling pathways; for instance, MAPK and the (PI-3K)/Akt signaling cascades mediate IL-6-induced MM cell growth and survival. [27][28][29][30][31][32] Most recently, some studies have shown that NF-κβ activation in the regulation of IL-6 transcription is produced in the BMSCs after MM cell adhesion. Furthermore, stromal cells can induce some antiapoptotic pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%