Interleukin‐4 ‐590C/T gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with acute lower respiratory infection: A multicenter study

Abstract

Background Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is the leading cause of child mortality, especially in the developing world. Polymorphisms in the interleukin 4 (IL‐4) gene have been linked to a variety of human diseases. Objectives To investigate whether the IL‐4 ‐590C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to ALRIs in young Egyptian children. Methods This was a multicenter study conducted on 480 children diagnosed with pneumonia or bronchiolitis, and 480 well‐matched healthy control children. Using PCR‐RFLP analysis, we genotyped a ‐590C/T (rs2243250) single nucleotide polymorphism of the IL‐4 gene promoter, meanwhile the serum IL‐4concentration was measured by ELISA. Results The frequency of the IL‐4 ‐590 T/T genotype and T allele were overrepresented in patients with ALRIs in comparison to the control group (OR = 2.0; [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38‐2.96]; for the T/T genotype) and (OR: 1.3; [95%CI: 1.07‐1.56]; for the T allele; P < 0.01). The IL‐4 ‐590 T/T genotype was associated with significantly higher mean serum IL‐4 concentration (58.7 ± 13.4 pg/mL) compared to the C/T genotype (47.6 ± 11 pg/mL) and the C/C genotype (34.8 ± 9.6 pg/mL); P < 0.01. Conclusion The IL‐4 −590C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to ALRIs in young Egyptian children.

Characteristics of interleukin-4 gene (C-589T, rs2243250) polymorphism in children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis with isolated or allergic rhinitis-induced comorbid malocclusion

“…Thus, the T allele frequency and the homozygous T/T genotype prevailed in children with acute respiratory tract infections (pneumonia, brochiolitis) living in Egypt (OR = 1.3; 95 % CI = 1.07-1.56, P < 0.01 and OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.38-2.96, respectively) [32]. In patients with whooping cough, the homozygous T/T genotype (C589T) of the IL-4 gene frequency was higher than in healthy ones, and more than half of patients suffering from pyelonephritis (52.7 %) were carriers of the heterozygous C/T variant of this gene polymorphic region [33,34].…”

Interleukin-4 Gene Polymorphisms in Romanian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Association with Disease Risk and Clinical Features

“…As a result, levels of IL-4 itself exert an important influence on the balance of cytokines [ 11 ]. IL-4 acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factor, especially through its suppression effect over the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-alpha [ 12 ]. Studies have shown that levels of IL-4 and IL-4 mRNA are reduced in IBD patients, mainly Crohn’s disease patients, indicating a role for this cytokine in the pathophysiological process [ 13 ].…”

Meta-Analysis on the Chinese Herbal Formula Xiaoer-Feike Granules as a Complementary Therapy for Children With Acute Lower Respiratory Infections

“…Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI), primarily including pneumonia and bronchiolitis with typical clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, asthma, rale, and so forth, are among the most severe infectious diseases (Emam et al, 2019). ALRI leads to nearly one million deaths in children under five years of age every year, a much higher rate than all other childhood illnesses (UNICEF/WHO.…”