Interleukin-11, an interleukin-6-like cytokine, is a promising predictor for bladder cancer prognosis

Abstract

Abstract. Numerous studies have suggested that interleukin 11 (IL-11) has roles in human gastric, prostate and bone cancer and endometrial carcinoma. Hence, we evaluated the expression of IL-11 in bladder cancer and the correlation of IL-11 levels and clinico pathological features. The expression of IL-11 in primary human bladder cell culture, human bladder cancer cell lines, transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and non-cancerous bladder tissues (NATs) were analyzed by western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary IL-11 was performed to compare the IL-11 levels in healthy subjects and subjects diagnosed with bladder cancer. Our study suggested that the expression of IL-11 in human bladder cancer cell lines and TCC was downregulated compared with primary human bladder cell culture and matched NATs. We also demonstrated reduced urinary levels of IL-11 in subjects with bladder cancer compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, we revealed that the levels of IL-11 were associated with tumor grade and stage. The results suggested that reduced levels of IL-11 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of TCC. They also indicated that IL-11 may be a promising predictor for prognosis of TCC.

Photomodulation of the osteoclastogenic potential of oral squamous carcinoma cells

“…It is known that IL‐11 is related to the activation of osteoclasts and bone resorption resulting from tumors . The relationship of IL‐11 to tumor progression and metastasis has been described in other cancers, such as bladder cancer and renal carcinoma . Likewise, PTHrP expressed in OSCCs and other malignant tumors seems to stimulate the activity of osteoclasts, acting both in osteoclastic and osteoblastic cells; moreover, it is related to increased tumor cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration and invasion, and is considered an indicator of the prognosis .…”

Expression profiling revealed keratins and interleukins as potential biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of horn in Indian bullocks (Bos indicus)

“…Similar downregulation of IL1B also challenging the report of Kashyap et al (2009). Wu et al (2013) has revealed association of IL11 with cancer grade and stage in bladder cancer and also suggested reduced level of IL11 may play an important role in progression of transitional cell carcinoma indicating that IL11 could be a promising predictor of cancer prognosis.…”

Upregulation of the B7/CD28 family member B7-H3 in bladder cancer

“…Furthermore, bladder cancer is the second most common cause of mortality among genitourinary tumors, with ~72,570 new cases and 15,210 deaths occurring in males and females in 2013 ( 1 – 3 ). Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) accounts for ~90% of cases of bladder cancer, whereas squamous cell carcinoma accounts for ~5% and adenocarcinomas ~1–2% of cases ( 4 ). At presentation, ~70% of cases of bladder cancer are non-muscle invasive (stages Tis, Ta and T1) which is typically low grade, multifocal, superficial and papillary, and 30% are muscle invasive (stages T2, T3 and T4), according to the TNM staging system ( 3 ).…”