Interleukin-10: A Potential Prognostic Marker in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

Background: Identification of high-risk patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is important for improving treatment outcomes. Efforts to identify significant prognostic markers are unremitting. Angiogenesis plays an important mechanism in the progression of MM. One of the mediators of this angiogenic process is interleukin-10 (IL-10). Aim: To assess the role of IL-10 as a prognostic marker in MM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 39 newly diagnosed patients with MM. Serum IL-10 level was measured using Magnetic Luminex® Assay multiplex. The relationship between IL-10 and tumor stage and other known prognostic markers in MM was studied. Results: The median (interquartile range) value of IL-10 was 3 (2.9 -3.2) pg/mL. Interleukin-10 level differed significantly according to the revised International Staging System stage of MM, being higher in higher stages. The median (interquartile range) IL-10 level was 2.89 (2.79 -2.95) pg/mL in stage I, 3 (2.9 -3.1) in stage II and 3.2 (3.1 -3.66) in stage III (p = 0.0009). In addition, higher IL-10 significantly correlated with lower hemoglobin (p = 0.002), lower albumin (p = 0.045), higher creatinine (p = 0.009), higher β2-microglobulin (p = 0.002), higher lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.0007) and higher bone marrow plasma cell percentage (p = 0.015). Conclusion:The results support a prognostic role of IL-10 in MM and its pathogenesis.

Efficacy Evaluation of Inflammatory Mediators in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma with Daratumumab

“…IL-6 is an important cytokine for multiple myeloma cell growth [11][12][13][14], which can be secreted by bone marrow stromal cells. IL-6R is a transmembrane protein on the cell membrane, and its binding to IL-6 triggers the activation of the Jak-STAT pathway [15], leading to further gene activation. At the same time, IL-6 can also promote cell proliferation directly through the activation of the RAS-MAP pathway [16].…”

Monkeypox Disease with Predominant Genital Symptoms: A Nigerian Case Report

“…It is important to note that the patient initially rejected the diagnosis, possibly because of the fear of stigmatization, until his employers compelled him to report for treatment. Studies show that stigma does indeed affect healthseeking behaviour and cause a delay in presentation [20]. This can lead to the further spread of the diseases and increase the burden of unrecognized diseases in the community.…”

“…While promotion of immune responses; TGF-β1 induces the generation of Th1 cells in combination with IL-6 [19]. IL-10 is an immune-regulatory cytokine having anti-tumor effect [20]. And observed in patients with serious MPV disease [21].…”

sVCAM-1, and TGFβ1 in chronic phase, chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors

“…14 IL-10 has a significant tumorigenesis role, and there is an association between high IL-10 level and advanced stage and other prognostic markers in patients with multiple myeloma. 15 TB+/HCV+ coinfected patients showed higher serum levels of IL-10. 16 The aim of the current study was to describe the plasma levels of sVCAM-1, and TGF-β1 in TKI-treated patients with chronic phase CML and to clarify the clinical significance of these biomarkers during treatment.…”