Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer

Abstract

Charles S., "Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer" (2000). To evaluate dopaminergic cells of the dorsomedial cluster by tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining, serial 4-mm sections were cut to include the entire brain. Immunopositive cells at the level of the giant interneuron commissure, posterior to the fan-shaped body, were counted in well oriented frontal sections at 1, 10, 30 and 60 days. At 1 day all control and experimental sections contained four or ®ve cells in the delineated region. At 30 and 60 days all controls showed four or ®ve cells. At 30 and 60 days all a-synucleinexpressing animals (a-synuclein, elav±GAL4 and a-synuclein, Ddc±GAL4 transheterozygotes) showed 0 or 1 tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cell in the de®ned region. Tyrosinehydroxylase-positive cells outside the dorsomedial cluster were present, and served as internal controls for the immunostaining procedure. At least four, and usually between six and ten brains were examined for wild-type a-synuclein and each mutant a-synuclein. Controls included young and aged¯ies of the genotypes elav±GAL4/+ and Ddc±GAL4/+. We evaluated expression of a-synuclein and b-galactosidase on similar serial section preparations. Quanti®cation was simpli®ed in these experiments because no clear cellbody-associated a-synuclein or b-galactosidase immunoreactivity was observed in the aged a-synuclein transgenic¯ies at the times reported.For histological examination of retinas, heads were ®xed in glutaraldehyde and embedded in epon. Tangential retinal sections were prepared at a thickness of 1 mm and stained with toluidine blue (Fig 4).Standard electron microscopy was performed on brains from 25-day-old experimental (UAS±A30P a-synuclein/elav±GAL4) and control (elav±GAL4/+)¯ies. For immunoelectron microscopy, pre-embedding immunohistochemistry with an Hrp-congugated secondary antibody was performed on 60-day adult brains from experimental (UAS± A30P a-synuclein/elav±GAL4) and control (elav±GAL4/+)¯ies ®xed in 4% paraformaldehyde with 0.5% glutaraldehyde. Tissue was post-®xed in osmium and embedded in epon. Unstained ultrathin sections and ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were examined. Climbing assayThe climbing assay was performed as described 19,20 . Forty¯ies were placed in a plastic vial, and gently tapped to the bottom of the vial. The number of¯ies at the top of the vial was counted after 18 s of climbing. Twenty trials were performed for each time point. The data shown represent results from a cohort of¯ies tested serially over 55 days. The experiment was repeated three times, with independently derived transgenic lines. Similar results were obtained from each experiment. The experiment was carried out under red light (Kodak Safelight Filter 1A). Control¯ies were of the genotype elav±GAL4/+. Experimental animals were of the following genotypes: (1) elav±GAL4/+; UAS±wild-type a-synuclein/+; (2) UAS±A30P a-synuclein/elav±GAL4; and (3) UAS±A53T a-synuclein/elav±GAL4.

Linkage disequilibrium analysis of case–control data: an application to generalized aggressive periodontitis

“…42,44 Our preliminary results represent a new approach for the study of LD of the 2q14 band, and the LD patterns observed in other studies are easier to understand given the LDU map we have constructed. We are aware that the LD map here presented is based on a few polymorphisms; however, we are reassured on the reliability of our results because Figure 3 shows a pattern closely similar to an independent LDU map of this region constructed from data used in a study of asthma 45 based on 93 SNPs (one SNP every 5.3 kb) covering a region spanning 490.25 kb.…”

Interleukin‐1B 31 C>T polymorphism combined with Helicobacter pylori‐modified gastric cancer susceptibility: evidence from 37 studies

“…Of the remaining 38 publications, three were eliminated, due to reporting duplicate data 17, 18, 19. Ultimately, 37 studies from 35 publications 6, 10, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 including 6108 cases and 8980 controls were included in the meta‐analysis (Fig. 1).…”

“…transcription factors). As an example, lipopolysaccharide stimulation induced approximately a fivefold increase in the formation of DNA–protein complex in the presence of IL‐1B 31T oligonucleotide, while no effect on the IL‐1B 31C oligonucleotide was observed 6. Accordingly, IL‐1B 31C>T polymorphism has been shown to influence IL1β production, with variant T allele associated with enhanced expression of IL1β in comparison with wild‐type C allele 8, 9, 10.…”

Extended haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium in the IL1R1–IL1A–IL1B–IL1RN gene cluster: association with knee osteoarthritis

“…These two polymorphisms are in significant LD (see Figure 3). The IL1B À31T allele creates a TATA box, which has been shown to bind TATA-binding protein (TBP), 41 whereas the IL1B À31C allele does not. It has been suggested that the strongly linked IL1B À31T and the IL1B À511G alleles may be associated with higher T on IL1B coding strand.…”

“…Interleukin-1 gene cluster associated with OA AJP Smith et al levels of gene expression than the IL1B À31C and IL1B À511A alleles: 41,42 we are currently investigating this possibility. This could represent a partial functional explanation for the association of the risk haplotype (2C-CTG-1TT) with knee OA, since this haplotype contains the IL1B À31T and IL1B À511G genotypes, is TATA-box positive, and may be associated with highlevel expression of IL-1b (a potent mediator of inflammation in OA joints).…”