Interleukin-1

Dinarello, C. A.

doi:10.1093/clinids/6.1.51

Cited by 1,701 publications

(420 citation statements)

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“…However, the fish in this study did not display any sign of ionoregula tory discomfort (not shown), and therefore the reaction might have resulted from a non-specific, acute phase like, reaction. In mammals this reaction is coordinated by IL-l (Dinarello 1984). It might be argued that chlo ride cells might have functions other than ionic regula tion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) exert multiple physiological effects in the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)

et al. 1995

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) exert multiple physiological effects in the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)

et al. 1995

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“…Although different roles, such as inflammatory mediators, scavengers and enzyme inhibitors, have been ascribed to some of these proteins, the precise function of CRP remains to be elucidated. Nevertheless, it is a sensitive and relatively specific marker for monitoring inflammatory condi- (Dinarello, 1984;Baumann et al, 1987;Marinkovic et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin 2 therapy in cancer: identification of responders

Broom

Heys²,

Whiting³

et al. 1992

Br J Cancer

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Summary C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in serum were measured in fifteen patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma, prior to and during treatment with a continuous intravenous infusion of rIL.2. Patients were subsequently classified as responders or non-responders to this therapy. Baseline serum CRP levels, prior to treatment, were significantly lower in the responders (range <2-8 mg-1) when compared with the non-responders (range 7.5-116 mg 1'), P = 0.004. Furthermore, the responding patients demonstrated significantly and grossly elevated CRP stimulation indices (SI) compared with non-responders at different time intervals during the rIL2 infusion. At the cessation of rIL2 therapy, the CRP stimulation index was 31.3 ± 9.3 in the responders, and only 1.6 ± 0.3 in the non-responders (means ± s.e.m, P = 0.014). These Interest has focused on the function of the acute phase proteins in inflammation and malignancy. Of the latter proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a sensitive, specific and rapidly responsive protein in serum (Weinstein et al., 1984). CRP has been shown to be induced by various malignancies, including different types of adenocarcinomas, and its level in serum to be elevated in patients with metastatic disease (Weinstein et al., 1984). We present preliminary data showing that CRP levels in serum may also be used as predictors of response to treatment with rIL2. Materials and methodsFifteen patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with rIL2 (18 x 106 IU m2 body surface area/24 h), by continuous intravenous infusion for a total of 120 h, combined with three pulses of 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/M2 body surface area), and folinic acid, (25 mg/M2 body surface area), also given intravenously at weekly intervals, starting 48 h after completing the rIL2 infusion. Prior to commencing any treatment, the concentrations of CRP were measured in the patients serum by rate nephelometry (Stemnberg, 1977), using a Beckman ICS Analyser II with Beckman reagents, calibrators and controls (CRP standardised against WHO CRP standard). The coefficient of variation for CRP measurements is 4% in our laboratory and the lower limit of the assay was 2 mg 1-. In addition, the serum concentrations of CRP during therapy were measured at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 120 h after the commencement of the rIL2 infusions.The metastatic tumours were assessed by ultrasound, CT radiography and MRI scanning (4 weeks after the start of treatment and subsequently at monthly intervals). If the disease was static or had responded (partial response was defined as a reduction of greater than 50% in tumour measurements carried out in two perpendicular planes; complete response was no tumour detected by imaging modalities), further therapy was given, as described above, to a maximum of six cycles.The patients data was grouped into (i) responders (partial or complete) and (ii) non-responders (stasis or progression of disease), to treatment. The pre-treatment CRP levels were compared using Fischers exact test, and ...

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“…Activation of the immune system, whether ectopic or via peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, leads to elevation of levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, 156 both systemically and centrally. 157−159 In the periphery (Figure 2), LPS binds to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-recognizing receptors, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils.…”

Section: ■ Pathways Mediating Immune−brain Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dialogue between the Immune System and Brain, Spoken in the Language of Serotonin

Baganz

Blakely

2012

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

272

239

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Neuropsychiatric disorders have long been linked to both immune system activation and alterations in serotonin (5-HT) signaling. In the CNS, the contributions of 5-HT modulate a broad range of targets, most notably, hypothalamic, limbic and cortical circuits linked to the control of mood and mood disorders. In the periphery, many are aware of the production and actions of 5-HT in the gut but are unaware that the molecule and its receptors are also present in the immune system where evidence suggests they contribute to the both innate and adaptive responses. In addition, there is clear evidence that the immune system communicates to the brain via both humoral and neuronal mechanisms, and that CNS 5-HT neurons are a direct or indirect target for these actions. Following a brief primer on the immune system, we describe our current understanding of the synthesis, release, and actions of 5-HT in modulating immune function, including the expression of 5-HT biosynthetic enzymes, receptors, and transporters that are typically studied with respect to the roles in the CNS. We then orient our presentation to recent findings that pro-inflammatory cytokines can modulate CNS 5-HT signaling, leading to a conceptualization that among the many roles of 5-HT in the body is an integrated physiological and behavioral response to inflammatory events and pathogens. From this perspective, altered 5-HT/immune conversations are likely to contribute to risk for neurobehavioral disorders historically linked to compromised 5-HT function or ameliorated by 5-HT targeted medications, including depression and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and autism. Our review raises the question as to whether genetic variation impacting 5-HT signaling genes may contribute to maladaptive behavior as much through perturbed immune system modulation as through altered brain mechanisms. Conversely, targeting the immune system for therapeutic development may provide an important opportunity to treat mental illness.

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Interleukin-1

Cited by 1,701 publications

References 0 publications

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) exert multiple physiological effects in the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) exert multiple physiological effects in the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)

Interleukin 2 therapy in cancer: identification of responders

A Dialogue between the Immune System and Brain, Spoken in the Language of Serotonin

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