Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) exert multiple physiological effects in the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)

Balm, P.H.M.; Lieshout, Emile van; Lokate, J.; Bonga, S.E. Wendelaar

doi:10.1007/bf00301472

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the previous studies where LPS was not able to increase cortisol production in head kidneys (Balm et al 1995). These authors reported that LPS (50 mg/ml) decreased the ACTH-stimulated cortisol production without being toxic to the head kidney preparations, an inhibitory effect that we observed as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…When we injected seabream with 8 mg/kg i.p. of bacterial endotoxin to induce infection, it provoked a marked rise in plasma cortisol levels similar to those previously described (Balm et al 1995, Holland et al 2002 and to the results previously reported (Acerete et al 2007). This produced a cortisol peak after 6 h (threefold the controls) and a progressive decrease in cortisol until 72 h, which are similar to the results reported in rats (Grinevich et al 2001) where a single LPS injection stimulated plasma cortisol levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…LPS injection is the most frequently used acute stress model to mimic the fish response to an immune stressor (Balm et al 1995, Balm 1997, Mackenzie et al 2005). When we injected seabream with 8 mg/kg i.p.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress-induced regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in head kidney of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Castillo¹,

Castellana²,

Acerete³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) transfers cholesterol over the inner mitochondrial membrane. In mammals, StAR controls this rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis, but its expression and regulation has not been well explored in fish. The present work investigates StAR mRNA expression in the head kidney of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) under different stressors. We have cloned the StAR cDNA (1461 bp) in seabream (accession number EF640987), which has an open reading frame of 861 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 286 aa, and displays high sequence identity with StAR of other fish and mammalian counterparts. Seabream StAR transcripts were found to be expressed exclusively in head kidneys and gonads. In fish under acute stress (chased with a net), plasma cortisol levels peaked within 1 h, were still high after 6 h, and decreased after 16 h, although no increases in head kidney StAR expression were observed at any time post-stressor. Fish under chronic high-density stress showed cortisol levels 90-fold higher than controls and StAR mRNA levels increased threefold. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection increased head kidney StAR mRNA levels after 6 h, reached a maximum at 12 h, and decreased until 72 h. When the head kidney cells were incubated in vitro and treated with ACTH or LPS, ACTH induced an increase in StAR expression as expected, but LPS induced a reduction in StAR expression. In conclusion, StAR expression in seabream head kidneys is highly regulated by different stressors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Stress-induced regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in head kidney of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Castillo¹,

Castellana²,

Acerete³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Until now, with respect to cytokines, the examination of immune-neuroendocrine interactions in fish has been limited to the use of mammalian recombinant cytokines and cytokine antibodies (Balm et al 1995, Ottaviani et al 1995, Balm 1997). However, due to differences in sequence homologies, mammalian cytokine reagents may not necessarily behave in the same way (if at all) as the corresponding fish molecules, a premise exemplified by the absence of a cortisol response to murine IL-1 in tilapia (Balm et al 1995, Balm 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to differences in sequence homologies, mammalian cytokine reagents may not necessarily behave in the same way (if at all) as the corresponding fish molecules, a premise exemplified by the absence of a cortisol response to murine IL-1 in tilapia (Balm et al 1995, Balm 1997. Following the recent Figure 1 The time course of changes in (a) plasma cortisol and (b) plasma glucose occurring in fish receiving a 400 µl i.p injection of either REB or rIL-1 (0·1 or 0·6 nmol/kg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant interleukin-1 beta activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Holland

Pottinger²,

Secombes

2002

Journal of Endocrinology

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The present study provides the first direct evidence that implicates fish cytokines as the effector molecules by which the immune system signals the neuroendocrine system and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal stress axis. I.p. injections of trout recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1 ) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), at concentrations known to induce immune/inflammatory responses in vivo (0·1-0·6 nmol/kg and 1·3 mg/kg respectively), significantly elevated plasma cortisol levels in a dose-and/or time-dependent manner. However, in contrast to general stress responses in fish, under the conditions employed in this study, no specific treatment effects on plasma glucose levels could be demonstrated. The trout IL-1 peptides (P1 and P3), which are homologous to receptor-binding sequences of human IL-1 , failed to influence the prevailing cortisol concentration even though an equivalent dose has been found to have immunostimulatory properties in vivo. Blockade of endogenous ACTH release by administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone prevented the rIL-1 /LPS-mediated elevation of plasma cortisol, suggesting that IL-1 and LPS modulate cortisol secretion via effects at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. These data indicate that, with respect to IL-1 , cytokine signalling between the immune and neuroendocrine systems in mammals appears to be conserved in lower vertebrates.

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Occurrence of glucocorticoids discharged from a sewage treatment plant in Japan and the effects of clobetasol propionate exposure on the immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to bacterial infection

Nakayama

Sato

Shibano

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study evaluated the environmental risks to common carp (Cyprinus carpio) posed by glucocorticoids present in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent. To gather information on the seasonal variations in glucocorticoid concentration, the authors sampled the effluent of a Japanese STP every other week for 12 mo. Six of 9 selected glucocorticoids were detected in the effluent, with clobetasol propionate and betamethasone 17-valerate detected at the highest concentrations and frequencies. The present study's results indicated that effluent glucocorticoid concentration may depend on water temperature, which is closely related to the removal efficiency of the STP or to seasonal variations in the public's use of glucocorticoids. In a separate experiment, to clarify whether glucocorticoids in environmental water increase susceptibility to bacterial infection in fish, the authors examined the responses to bacterial infection (Aeromonas veronii) of common carp exposed to clobetasol propionate. Clobetasol propionate exposure did not affect bacterial infection-associated mortality. In fish infected with A. veronii but not exposed to clobetasol propionate, head kidney weight and number of leukocytes in the head kidney were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas these effects were not observed in infected fish exposed to clobetasol. This suggests that clobetasol propionate alleviated bacterial infection-associated inflammation. Together, these results indicate that susceptibility to bacterial infection in common carp is not affected by exposure to glucocorticoids at environmentally relevant concentrations.

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Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) exert multiple physiological effects in the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)

Cited by 51 publications

References 49 publications

Stress-induced regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in head kidney of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Stress-induced regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in head kidney of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Recombinant interleukin-1 beta activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Occurrence of glucocorticoids discharged from a sewage treatment plant in Japan and the effects of clobetasol propionate exposure on the immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to bacterial infection

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