Interlayer toughening mechanisms of composite materials

Bilge, Kaan; Papila, Melih

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-279-2.00010-x

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…From Table 5, it was observed that the increases of G IIC upon interlaying thermoplastic veils varied significantly in different studies, with reductions being observed in a few cases (highlighted in bold). Besides the mentioned material and areal density of the veils and the architecture of the carbon fibre fabrics, another factor that can significantly affect the toughening performance of the veils is the adhesion (compatibility) between the thermoplastic veils and the epoxy matrix [34]. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of research on this topic, even for the mostly studied mode-I fracture.…”

Section: Fractography and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode-II fracture behaviour of aerospace-grade carbon fibre/epoxy composites interleaved with thermoplastic veils

Bologna

Scarselli

Ivanković

2020

Composites Science and Technology

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Section: Fractography and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode-II fracture behaviour of aerospace-grade carbon fibre/epoxy composites interleaved with thermoplastic veils

Bologna

Scarselli

Ivanković

2020

Composites Science and Technology

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“…In terms of their use in composite laminates, the m‐phase/MCF@x‐phase hybrid formation suggests more promises for structural performance applications 13,35 . The available free volume of the hybrid morphology on and in the vicinity of the MCFs will be filled homogenously by epoxy resin 32 . Therefore, balanced m‐phase/MCF@x‐phase was chosen as toughening agent or interlayer for the next example of structural composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A soften‐able (m‐phase) and a cross‐linkable (x‐phase) form of poly(styrene‐ co ‐glycidyl methacrylate), called P(St‐ co ‐GMA), were electrospun through this method. The new hybrid nonwoven nanofiber mat was shown to be effective in the formation of toughening interlayers for laminated epoxy matrix composites 14,32 . Under a heat‐treatment the hybrid nonwoven showed a combination of the morphologies coming from m‐phase and x‐phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology evolution of self‐same nanocomposites hybridized with jumbo‐sized particles

Arpatappeh

Manga

Bilge

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article reports the production, morphological analyzes, and application of electrospun self‐same nanocomposites with milled carbon fibers (MCFs). The new hybridized structure was also incorporated into conventional fiber reinforced epoxy composites with improved properties. The MCF‐hybridized polymeric nonwoven mats were formed with the simultaneous dual electrospinning of a soften‐able (m‐phase) and a crosslink‐able (x‐phase) variants of poly(styrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate). The morphology of the hybrid material was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that electrospinning can successfully deposit reinforcing particles of giant size (MCFs are 7 μm in diameter, 50 μm to 3 mm in length) compared to the diameter of the carrier nanofibers (nanometers). The new hybrid structure preserved the fibrous morphology of the polymer phases up to 250°C. The overall morphology of the hybrid composite was tunable by changing the fractions of the two polymeric phases. The particle‐polymer hybrid structures created morphologies that might find applications in various areas such as the interlayer toughening of laminated composites. It was shown that m‐phase/MCF@x‐phase nonwoven integrated into epoxy matrix composite laminates as interlayer, increased the strain at failure and ultimate strength under tensile loading by 11% and 9%, respectively.

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“…Thermoplastic film interleaving is a simple practical approach to modifying fibre-reinforced thermoset composite interfaces for superior toughness compared to the reference materials without interleaves [27,28]. Interleaving composites with thin, flexible thermoplastic films increases their tolerance to delamination through crack arresting and deflection mechanisms if the TP films bond well to the composite layers [27,[29][30][31][32][33][34]. Processing the interleaved composites at temperatures that soften the TP interleaf films can enhance their interaction with the TS matrix system of the composite plies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Plasma-Treatment of Interleaved Thermoplastic Films on Delamination in Interlayer Fibre Hybrid Composite Laminates

et al. 2020

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Safe, light, and high-performance engineering structures may be generated by adopting composite materials with stable damage process (i.e., without catastrophic delamination). Interlayer hybrid composites may fail stably by suppressing catastrophic interlayer delamination. This paper provides a detailed analysis of delamination occurring in poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) or polystyrene (PS) film interleaved carbon-glass/epoxy hybrid composites. The ABS films toughened the interfaces of the hybrid laminates, generating materials with higher mode II interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC), delamination stress (σdel), and eliminating the stress drops observed in the reference baseline material, i.e., without interleaf films, during tensile tests. Furthermore, stable behaviour was achieved by treating the ABS films in oxygen plasma. The mechanical performance (GIIC and σdel) of hybrid composites containing PS films, were initially reduced but increased after oxygen plasma treatment. The plasma treatment introduced O-C=O and O-C-O-O functional groups on the PS surfaces, enabling better epoxy/PS interactions. Microscopy analysis provided evidence of the toughening mechanisms, i.e., crack deflection, leading plasma-treated PS to stabilise delamination.

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Interlayer toughening mechanisms of composite materials

Cited by 10 publications

References 74 publications

Mode-II fracture behaviour of aerospace-grade carbon fibre/epoxy composites interleaved with thermoplastic veils

Mode-II fracture behaviour of aerospace-grade carbon fibre/epoxy composites interleaved with thermoplastic veils

Morphology evolution of self‐same nanocomposites hybridized with jumbo‐sized particles

Effect of Plasma-Treatment of Interleaved Thermoplastic Films on Delamination in Interlayer Fibre Hybrid Composite Laminates

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