Interhemispheric transfer with spreading depression: A memory transfer or stimulus generalization phenomenon?

Schneider, Allen M.; Hamburg, Martin D.

doi:10.1037/h0023469

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Another study which poses a serious problem for the confinement-transfer notion was recently reported by Schneider and Hamburg (1966). Using the conventional interhemispheric transfer paradigm of training animals with depression in one hemisphere and testing them for retention with depression in the other hemisphere, they found that transfer of an avoidance response could be produced if the animals were given nonavoidable shock with neither hemisphere depressed before as well as after initial training.…”

Section: Some Sd Studies Difficult To In-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of memory by spreading cortical depression: A case for stimulus control.

Schneider¹

1967

Psychological Review

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A stimulus-control hypothesis is offered to account for recent findings which have been taken to indicate that spreading depression prevents the neural storage of memory traces. 3 general conclusions derived from the spreading depression results are reevaluated: (a) Memory confinement to 1 cerebral hemisphere produced by training under unilateral depression is reinterpreted as a generalization-decrement phenomenon, (b) Memory transfer between cerebral hemispheres produced by a few reinforced responses with neither hemisphere depressed is reinterpreted as a stimulus-generalization phenomenon, (c) Memory storage prevented by spreading depression is reinterpreted as memory storage displaced by spreading depression from the depressed areas in the cortex to the nondepressed areas in the subcortex. Several new experiments suggested by the stimulus-control hypothesis are discussed and several old results at variance with the memory interpretations are reexamined in terms of the stimuluscontrol hypothesis.

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Section: Some Sd Studies Difficult To In-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of memory by spreading cortical depression: A case for stimulus control.

Schneider¹

1967

Psychological Review

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“…Transfer is almost complete in some tasks such as passive avoidance [4,5,6], but is normally absent in most active avoidance tasks [3,6,8,16], in operant responding for food reinforcement [12] and in brightness discrimination for water reinforcement [1]. Transfer can be improved by overtraining [9], by simplifying the response [8], by adding more conditioned stimuli [15] and by presenting trials or related experience to the animals in a non-depressed state between initial training and retraining [1,2,13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Transfer of brightness discrimination under unilateral spreading depression

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Hamburg

1969

Physiology & Behavior

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Rats trained under unilateral cortical spreading depression on a brightness discrimination task for water reinforcement will show little or no transfer when retrained with the contralateral cortex depressed. The current study was performed in order to determine if the degree of transfer can be affected by reinforcement or motivational variables. Rats were trained on a brightness discrimination task to either escape or avoid painful foot shock. The animals trained to Escape showed nearly perfect transfer. The animals trained to avoid showed very little transfer of the avoidance response but did transfer the brightness discrimination. It was concluded that in the unilateral spreading depression paradigm the degree of transfer obtained on similar tasks is altered by changing the reinforcement. Cortical spreading depression Brightness discrimination Interhemisphcric transfer Avoidance conditioning Escape conditioning

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“…Recently, considerable research and theoretical treatment have been directed to the investigation of interhemispheric transfer under SD (Schneider, 1967(Schneider, , 1968Squire & Liss, 1968). Schneider and Hamburg (1966) have suggested that the failure of transfer when a S is trained with one hemisphere depressed and tested with the opposite hemisphere depressed may be a generalization decrement phenomenon. It follows from this hypothesis that alternating depression from one hemisphere to the other modifies the stimulus complex and therefore produces generalization decrement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%