Intergroup Emotions

Mackie, Diane M.; Silver, Lisa; Smith, Eliot R.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819568.013

Cited by 100 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Here we are not concerned with how justifying the social order may lead to less negative (or more positive) affect. Rather, we are concerned with how specific emotions (DeSteno, Petty, Wegener, & Rucker, 2000; Lerner & Keltner, 2000) involve the tendency to take intergroup actions that regulate the social hierarchy (Mackie et al, 2004). Whereas previous work on collective political action has tended to focus on legitimacy as an antecedent of anger among the disadvantaged (Smith & Kessler, 2004; Van Zomeren et al, 2004), our findings suggest that legitimatization also helps to maintain the social hierarchy not just by decreasing negative emotions like anger (Wakslak et al, 2007), but by engendering positive emotions such as admiration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Admiration regulates social hierarchy: Antecedents, dispositions, and effects on intergroup behavior

Sweetman

Spears

Livingstone

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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In four studies, we report evidence that admiration affects intergroup behaviors that regulate social hierarchy. We demonstrate that manipulating the legitimacy of status relations affects admiration for the dominant and that this emotion negatively predicts political action tendencies aimed at social change. In addition, we show that greater warmth and competence lead to greater admiration for an outgroup, which in turn positively predicts deferential behavior and intergroup learning. We also demonstrate that, for those with a disposition to feel admiration, increasing admiration for an outgroup decreases willingness to take political action against that outgroup. Finally, we show that when the object of admiration is a subversive “martyr,” admiration positively predicts political action tendencies and behavior aimed at challenging the status quo. These findings provide the first evidence for the important role of admiration in regulating social hierarchy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Admiration regulates social hierarchy: Antecedents, dispositions, and effects on intergroup behavior

Sweetman

Spears

Livingstone

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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“…Drawing on the social identity approach (Tajfel & Turner, ; Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, ), IET posits that when group identities are salient, individuals redefine themselves as group members – rather than as individuals – and consequently think, feel, and act on the group rather than the personal level. So what happens to the group is felt and responded to as if it has happened to them personally (Mackie & Smith, ; Mackie et al ., ).…”

Section: Indirect Effects Of Hate Crime: An Intergroup Emotions Perspmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mackie and Smith () also suggest that if empathy were to impact on individuals’ reactions, it does so only on an interpersonal rather than intergroup level. However, others have shown empathy can be group‐based.…”

Section: Indirect Effects Of Hate Crime: An Intergroup Emotions Perspmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeling for and as a group member: Understanding LGBT victimization via group‐based empathy and intergroup emotions

Paterson

Brown

Walters

2018

British J Social Psychol

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In two experimental studies (N = 120; N = 102), we apply intergroup emotions theory (IET) to examine the effects of hate crime on other community members. With participants from an oft-targeted group - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans people, we are the first to show empirically that hate crimes elicit more pronounced emotional and behavioural responses in other members of the victims' community than comparable non-hate crimes. The findings also reveal the psychological processes behind these effects. Consistent with IET, hate crimes were seen to pose more of a group-based threat and so led to heightened emotional reactions (anger and anxiety) and, subsequently, to behavioural intentions (avoidance and pro-action). Importantly, we also show that hate crime victims, due to increased perceptions of similarity, received more empathy than non-hate crime victims. Such empathy, although neglected in previous research, was shown to be a potential mediator in understanding the indirect effects of hate crime. Results are discussed in terms of their contribution to psychological theory and their potential to support the argument for the utility and appropriateness of hate crime legislation.

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“…The perception of threat invariably gives rise to certain emotional reactions, an idea that is central to Intergroup Emotions Theory (e.g., Mackie & Smith, 2015). According to this theory, different types of threat provoke specific emotions which, in turn, give rise to certain behavioral intentions and responses (Mackie & Smith, 2015; see also Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005, for a similar analysis). In the case of hate crime directed at one's group (community), the threat of violence (and other forms of targeted abuse) will most likely give rise to the emotions of anger and fear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of hate crime directed at one's group (community), the threat of violence (and other forms of targeted abuse) will most likely give rise to the emotions of anger and fear. These emotional reactions are then linked to pro-active actions (such as joining community groups) and avoidant action tendencies (such as staying indoors), respectively (Brown & Walters, 2016;Mackie & Smith, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hate Crimes Against Trans People: Assessing Emotions, Behaviors, and Attitudes Toward Criminal Justice Agencies

Walters

Paterson

Brown

et al. 2017

J Interpers Violence

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This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. LGBT hate crimes (measured by personally knowing other victims of hate crime) are highly prolific and frequent experiences for LGBT people. Our findings show that trans people are particularly susceptible to hate crimes, both in terms of prevalence and frequency. This article additionally highlights the negative emotional and (intended) behavioral reactions that were correlated with an imagined hate crime scenario, showing that trans people are more likely to experience heightened levels of threat, vulnerability, and anxiety compared with non-trans LGB people. The study found that trans people are also more likely to feel unsupported by family, friends, and society for being LGBT, which was correlated with the frequency of direct (verbal) abuse they had previously endured. The final part of this study explores trans people's confidence levels in the Government, the police, and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) in relation to addressing hate crime. In general, trans people felt that the police are not effective at policing anti-LGBT hate crime, and they are not respectful toward them as victims; this was especially true where individuals had previous contact with the police. Respondents were also less confident in the CPS to prosecute anti-LGBT hate crimes, though the level of confidence was slightly higher when respondents had direct experience with the CPS. The empirical evidence presented here supports the assertion that all LGBT people, but particularly trans individuals, continue to be denied equal participation in society due to individual, social, and structural experiences of prejudice. The article concludes by arguing for a renewed policy focus that must address this issue as a public health problem.

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Intergroup Emotions

Cited by 100 publications

References 26 publications

Admiration regulates social hierarchy: Antecedents, dispositions, and effects on intergroup behavior

Admiration regulates social hierarchy: Antecedents, dispositions, and effects on intergroup behavior

Feeling for and as a group member: Understanding LGBT victimization via group‐based empathy and intergroup emotions

Hate Crimes Against Trans People: Assessing Emotions, Behaviors, and Attitudes Toward Criminal Justice Agencies

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