“…Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of group‐based emotions in explaining actions in response to a threat (e.g., Levin, Kteily, Pratto, Sidanius, & Matthews, ; Mackie, Devos, & Smith, ; Maitner, Mackie, & Smith, ). People identified with a group feel emotions as a group member and these emotions guide intergroup responses (Intergroup Emotions Theory; Mackie et al, ; Mackie & Smith, ; Smith & Mackie, ; Smith & Mackie, ; Smith, Seger, & Mackie, ).…”