Intergranular Corrosion of Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloys

Cowan, R. L.; Tedmon, C. S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8258-8_3

Cited by 74 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Although these steels have good resistance to general corrosion owing to the formation of a thin chromium rich passive surface film (Ref 1-3), they are susceptible to localized corrosion attack such as pitting, intergranular corrosion (IGC), and stress corrosion cracking. These stainless steels are prone to sensitization-a process by which chromium carbides form at grain boundaries with adjacent regions depleted of chromium (Ref [1][2][3]. This happens at the temperature range of 500-850°C such as during welding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling End-Grain Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Chandra¹,

Kain²,

Ganesh³

2007

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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SS 304L is widely used as a structural material in applications handling nitric acid such as nuclear fuel processing plants and nuclear waste management facilities. Bar, wire, and tubular products of this material are especially susceptible to end-grain corrosion in nitric acid environment. Such an attack takes place on the tubular and forged surfaces that are perpendicular to the hot-working direction and occurs as localized pitting type attack. This study shows that the possible reasons for the directional nature of end-grain attack are the manganese sulfide inclusions aligned along the hot-working direction and/or segregation of chromium along the flow lines during the fabrication stage itself. It has been shown in this study that controlled solution annealing, laser surface remelting, and weld overlay can be used to avoid/minimize end-grain corrosion. Different annealing heat-treatments were carried out on two heats of SS 304L tube and susceptibility to corrosion was measured by ASTM A 262 practice C and electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test. Solution annealing at 950°C for 90 min has been shown to increase the resistance to end-grain corrosion. Laser surface remelting using continuous wave CO 2 laser under argon shield and weld deposition (overlay) using SS 308L material were done on the end faces of the tubes. These samples were completely resistant to end-grain corrosion in nitric acid environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling End-Grain Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Chandra¹,

Kain²,

Ganesh³

2007

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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“…The process of sensitization and desensitization is primarily governed by the kinetics of the formation of chromium carbide precipitates along the grain boundaries [13][14][15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the effect of uniaxial tensile strain on the early stages of sensitization in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel

Chowdhury

Guchhait

Mitra

et al. 2015

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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Abstract:In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the effect of different competing mechanisms controlling the overall degree of sensitization (DOS) of deformed austenitic stainless steel at the early stage of sensitization. The Double Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation (DL-EPR) studies were performed to characterize the Degree of Sensitization (DOS) as functions of pre-defined strain and sensitization temperature. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to explain the phenomena qualitatively. A non monotonous behaviour in the variation of DOS has been observed with deformation and sensitization temperature. The presence of Deformation Induced Martensites (DIM) and their transformation into tempered martensites ( + Fe 3 C) at higher temperatures was found to play major roles in controlling the overall sensitization and desensitization processes.

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“…This is accompanied by chromium depletion in adjacent areas of the grain boundary carbides and is known as sensitization. The extent of sensitization in type 304 stainless steel is determined by a combination of carbon, nickel and chromium content [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Low Temperature Sensitisation (LTS) is another phenomenon which results in an increase in the degree of sensitization (DOS) below 500°C due to the growth of pre-existing carbides, without precipitation of any new carbide [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%