Intergenerational co-residence and young couple’s time use in China

Zhou, Muzhi; Kan, Man-Yee; He, Guangye

doi:10.1080/21620555.2021.1972285

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…The family policies in China do not take gendered expectations in domestic labor and care into account (Ji et al 2017). Consequently, women share the majority of domestic work and care (Ji et al 2017; Kan and He 2018; Kan, He, and Wu 2021; Zhou, Kan, and He 2021).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the Gender Revolution: Time on Paid Work, Domestic Work, and Total Work in East Asian and Western Societies 1985–2016

et al. 2022

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We analyze time use data of four East Asian societies and 12 Western countries between 1985 and 2016 to investigate the gender revolution in paid work, domestic work, and total work. The closing of gender gaps in paid work, domestic work, and total work time has stalled in the most recent decade in several countries. The magnitude of the gender gaps, cultural contexts, and welfare policies plays a key role in determining whether the gender revolution in the division of labor will stall or continue. Women undertake more total work than men across all societies: The gender gap ranges from 30 minutes to 2 hours a day. Our findings suggest that cultural norms interact with institutional contexts to affect the patterns of gender convergence in time use, and gender equality might settle at differing levels of egalitarianism across countries.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, East Asian societies score persistently low on gender equality (World Economic Forum 2020). The gap between women’s and men’s time spent on housework is large in Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan (Hertog and Kan 2021; Kan and He 2018; Kan and Hertog 2017; Kan, Hertog, and Kolpashnikova 2019; Zhou, Kan, and He 2021).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Gender Revolution: Time on Paid Work, Domestic Work, and Total Work in East Asian and Western Societies 1985–2016

et al. 2022

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“…Historically, in China, collectivism deeply influenced family life. Multigenerational households in general and extended families in particular have been regarded as ideal household types for a very long time, as they enable intergenerational support and joint resistance to potential social risks (Zhou et al, 2022). However, over the past several decades, the traditional family value of collectivism has been gradually impacted by Western values of individualism, as Chinese families have been transformed by economic advancement and cultural globalization (Logan et al, 1998).…”

Section: Literature Review and Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retired singles and couples may assist their adult children who live apart with childcare and household chores. This practice was viewed as beneficial not only for relieving young parents of household burdens but also for enriching the lives of the retired elderly (Zhou et al, 2022). Before the pandemic, Fanshu (female, 61, couple family) volunteered to help look after her grandson from Monday to Friday.…”

Section: Downward Intergenerational Supportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with the COVID-19 lockdown: The role of household and family responsibilities in Beijing

Dijst

Chai

2022

Transactions in Planning and Urban Research

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The COVID-19 pandemic combined with lockdown measures fundamentally changed urban family life worldwide. This article compares how different household types—singles, couples, nuclear families, and extended families—experienced the lockdown during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing. It argues that not only the household responsibilities associated with household types at the household level, but also the family responsibilities on a larger geographical scale must be considered to understand the challenges faced by different households under the COVID-19 lockdown in urban China, where intergenerational supports such as family responsibilities to other generations living apart are prevalent during the pre-pandemic stage due to the collectivist culture. This article contributes the lens of household diversity and geographic distance to understanding everyday lives of families under lockdown and to reflect on family transformation in urban China over the past decades more broadly. Through the study of families, it also has implications for neighborhood planning and management aimed at mitigating a pandemic’s negative impacts.

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“…Approximately 50% of middle-aged and elderly couples care for their grandchildren as families or individuals ( 1 ). With increasing life expectancy, more Chinese older adults can take care of their grandchildren ( 2 ), sharing time pressure and living costs with adult children's families ( 3 ). Chinese grandparents play an increasingly important role in caring for their grandchildren.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of grandchild care on depressive symptoms of grandparents in China: The mediating effects of generational support from children

Hong

Wang

Zhao

2023

Front. Public Health

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ObjectivesDespite extensive studies about the direct effect of grandchild care on caregiver depression in China, understanding of its internal influencing mechanism has been limited. After controlling for socioeconomic factors, this study investigated whether the experience of caring for grandchildren had a long-term impact on the depression levels of grandparents, either directly or indirectly through generational support from adult children.MethodsThe subjects of this study were a total of 9,219 adults over 45 who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Surveys in 2015 and 2018. We adopted a lag-behind variable to examine the impact of grandchild care on depressive symptoms of grandparents. The proposed mediation model was analyzed using bootstrap modeling, and the KHB method was conducted further to examine differences in the effects of generational support.ResultsThe experience of caring for grandchildren had a significant negative correlation with the depression level of Chinese grandparents. Moreover, children's support significantly mediated the impact of parenting experience on grandparents' depression. Significantly, instrumental support mediated the effect to the greatest extent, while emotional support from children contributed the least. The intermediary effect has urban–rural heterogeneity.ConclusionThese findings indicated that grandchild care significantly inhibited the depression level of Chinese grandparents through increased intergenerational support from adult children. The implications of the study's findings were discussed.

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Intergenerational co-residence and young couple’s time use in China

Cited by 14 publications

References 77 publications

Revisiting the Gender Revolution: Time on Paid Work, Domestic Work, and Total Work in East Asian and Western Societies 1985–2016

Revisiting the Gender Revolution: Time on Paid Work, Domestic Work, and Total Work in East Asian and Western Societies 1985–2016

Coping with the COVID-19 lockdown: The role of household and family responsibilities in Beijing

The impact of grandchild care on depressive symptoms of grandparents in China: The mediating effects of generational support from children

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