Interferon gamma concentration in diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia patient

Abstract

Background: Patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs chronic inflammation by characterized a decreased concentration of various cytokinin types. This causes changes in the body’s immunity so that can be easier in having an infection. One of the most important cytokines against infection is IFN-γ. This study aimed to determine IFN-γ concentration in DM and dyslipidemia patients.
 Metode: An amount of 234 people who received treatment at the health center in Banda Aceh in 2019 were included in this study. From each respondent, 5 ml of blood was taken to check fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Test of fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL was carried out using the colorimetric enzymatic method. The IFN-γ protein concentration was examined using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
 Result: IFN-γ concentration in the non-DM group was higher than in the DM group. There was a significant difference between the average IFN-γ concentration in the non-DM group compared with the DM group (p = 0.000). All DM patients had increased fasting blood glucose, most had hypertriglycerides, but HDL levels were normal. The fasting blood glucose group <126 mg / dl had a higher IFN-γ concentration than the group with fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg / dl. There was a significant difference in the concentration of IFN-γ between the two groups (p = 0.000). The group with triglyceride levels <150 mg / dl had lower IFN-γ levels than the group with triglyceride levels ≥ 150 mg / dl. There was a significant difference between the average IFN-γ concentration between those groups (p = 0.000). The fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg / dl and triglycerides levels ≥ 150 mg / dl had higher IFN-γ concentration than the group who had fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg / dl and triglycerides levels < 150 mg / dl.
 Conclusion: There are differences in IFN-γ concentrations in people with DM, increased fasting blood glucose and dyslipidemia compared to normal people.
 Keywords: IFN-γ, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia
 
 Abstrak
 Latar belakang: Penderita diabetes mellitus (DM) dan dyslipidemia mengalami inflamasi kronik yang ditandai dengan perubahan konsentrasi berbagai sitokin. Hal ini yang menyebabkan perubahan imunitas tubuh sehingga mudah mengalami infeksi. Salah satu sitokin yang paling berperan terhadap infeksi adalah interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa konsentrasi IFN-γ pada penderita DM dan dislipidemia.
 Metode: Sebanyak 234 orang yang melakukan pengobatan di puskesmas di Kota Banda Aceh pada tahun 2019 diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Dari setiap responden dilakukan pengambilan darah sebanyak 5 ml untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah puasa (KGD P), trigliserida, high density lipoprotein (HDL), dan inrferon- gamma (IFN-γ). Pemeriksaan KGD, trigliserida, HDL dilakukan dengan metode enzimatik kolorimetrik. Pemeriksaan konsentrasi protein IFN-γ menggunakan teknik sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
 Hasil: Konsentrasi IFN-γ pada kelompok non-DM lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok DM. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rata-rata konsentrasi IFN-γ pada kelompok non-DM dibandingkan dengan kelompok DM (p=0,000). Semua penderita DM mengalami peningkatan KGD P, sebagian besar mengalami hipertrigliserida, namun kadar HDL normal. Pada kelompok KGD P <126 mg/dl memiliki konsentrasi IFN-γ yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok dengan KGD P ≥126 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna perbedaan konsentrasi IFN-γ antar kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,000). Kelompok dengan kadar trigliserida <150 mg/dl memiliki kadar IFN-γ lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok dengan kadar trigliserida ≥ 150 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rata-rata konsentrasi konsentrasi IFN-γ antar kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,000). Pada kelompok KGD P ≥126 mg/dl dan trigliserida ≥ 150 mg/dl memiliki kadar IFN-γ yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok KGD P ≥126 mg/dl namun trigliserida <150 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rata-rata konsentrasi konsentrasi IFN-γ antar kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,000).
 Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi IFN-γ pada orang dengan DM, peningkatan KGD P dan dislipidemia dibandingkan dengan orang normal.
 Kata kunci : IFN-γ, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia.

Herbal supplementation improves clinical outcomes among diabetes mellitus patients

“…They are associated with more severe atherosclerosis and an increased incidence of coronary heart events, nephropathy, and other microvascular complications [10]. Hypertension and poor glycemic control often precede diabetic nephropathy [9], [11]. A new strategy is needed for managing DM patients in PHC services to increase success in controlling blood sugar levels and preventing complications.…”

Interferon-Gamma Level and Affecting Factor in DM Patients at Public Health Center

“…Chronic inflammation, indicated by elevated pro-inflammatory markers, is present in DM. In DM patients, the immune system responds less because of chronic inflammation [5]. Impaired cytokine production is another side effect of chronic hyperglycemia [6].…”

“…Various pro-inflammatory cytokines will rise with increased adipose tissue [8]. IFN-is a cytokine that promotes inflammation and functions as an immunomodulator [5], IFN-will cause NK cells, macrophages, and other leukocyte cell types to migrate by activating them [6]. Hyperglycemia or dyslipidemia leadsto activation of Toll like receptors and activation of interferon alpha signaling and production of proinflammatory cytokines [9].…”

“…The main causes of DM include hyperglycemia, microangiopathy caused by ischemia and hypoxia, inflammation, and leukocyte stasis, as well as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, microRNAs, and other molecular mechanisms [10]. In previous studies, it was known that DM patients had lower IFN-γ levels than non-DM [5,11,12]. Factors related to IFN-γ levels in DM patients have not been widely studied.…”