Interference of Seasonal Variation on the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Iryanthera polyneura in the Amazon Rain Forest

Abstract

The essential oils (EOs) obtained from the leaves of Iryanthera polyneura Ducke trees was chemically Assessed and tested for the ability of inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis. The oil was also tested against breast (MCF‐7) and prostate (PC‐3) cancer cell lines. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and 50 % inhibition concentrations (IC50) values were obtained. EOs were active against Gram‐positive bacteria. Spathulenol, α‐cadinol and τ‐muurolol were major components of EOs. The oils showed a higher cytotoxicity against PC‐3 than MCF‐7 cells, although the oils were active against both cell types. Oils obtained from leaves collected in the dry season were more active against E. faecalis, S. aureus and PC‐3, while the oils obtained from leaves collected in the rainy season were more active against S. mutans, S. sanguinis and MCF‐7. The antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils from the leaves of I. polyneura are related to the seasonal climate variation and are influenced by compounds that are minor components of the oils.

Essential Oil of the Plants Growing in the Brazilian Amazon: Chemical Composition, Antioxidants, and Biological Applications

“…The species Iryanthera polyneura (Myristicaceae) is commonly known as cumala-colorada, and can be found in the Amazon forest [ 93 ]. Studies on this species have shown cytotoxic activity [ 39 ] for the essential oil from the leaves of three specimens of Iryanthera polyneura collected in Amazonas, Brazil, which were tested against human breast (MCF-7) and prostate (PC-3) cells. In that study, thirty-six of the forty essential oils were more active against PC-3 than against MCF-7 cells, where the samples of the set 22EO, 80EO, and 53EO were particularly active, with inhibition values of IC 50 = 14.69 ± 4.33, 13.63 ± 3.23, and 12.48 ± 4.03 μg/mL, respectively.…”

Essential Oils’ Potential in Breast Cancer Treatment: An Overview

“…EOs obtained from leaves collected in the rainy season were more active against MCF7. STs spathulenol, α-cadinol, and τ-muurolol were identified as the main compounds [61]. Some seasonal variation was also found in EO of Mentha species, M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia, and M. spicata, and they all stimulated the decrease of MCF7 proliferation.…”

Therapeutic Effects of Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds on Prostate Cancer Treatment

“…Abies balsamea [36], Symphyopappus itatiayensis, Myrciaria floribundus, Talauma ovata, Psidium cattleyanum, Nectandra megapotamica [71], Amomum tsao-ko [59], Solanum erianthum, Solanum macranthum [48], Achillea wilhelmsii [57], Annona sylvatica [61], Hypericum hircinum [68], Anaxagorea brevipes [60], Guatteria elliptica [65], Bursera glabrifolia [63], Iryanthera polyneura [69], Aloysia polystachya [58], Euodia ruticarpa [64], Perralderia coronopifolia [73] and Liquidambar orientalis [70] EOs demonstrated antiproliferative activity in PC3 PCa cells. In contrast, Emani et al evaluated a Nepeta cataria EO (15-500 µg/mL) treatment in PC3 and DU145 PCa cells and no significant effect was observed [137].…”