Interference-assisted kaleidoscopic meta-plexer for arbitrary spin-wavefront manipulation

Xu, He‐Xiu; Hu, Guangwei; Liu, Ying; Han, Lei; Zhao, Jianlin; Sun, Yun-Ming; Fang, Yuan; Wang, Guangming; Jiang, Zhi Hao; Ling, Xiaohui; Cui, Tie Jun; Qiu, Cheng‐Wei

doi:10.1038/s41377-018-0113-y

Cited by 160 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…It is observed that the conversion coefficient from RCP incidence to the LCP component (i.e., focusing component) in the transmitted field is ≈20% (Figure a) while the conversion coefficient from LCP incidence to the LCP component (focusing component) in the reflected field is ≈75% (Figure b). The cross‐polarized conversion coefficient of the focusing component in either transmitted or reflected field is comparable to those reported to be obtained using either a double‐split ring resonator or a chiral‐stepped nanoaperture structure . Details regarding the polarization conversion in the reflection field for RCP and LCP incidences are given in Supplementary S2 (Supporting Information).…”

Section: Theory and Structure Designsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Imaging elements and polarization manipulation elements have been the two of the most widely investigated device types because of the essential and indispensable functions of these elements . In contrast with the traditional bulky optical lenses, a metalens is a micro/nanostructured metasurface lens in which the amplitude, phase, and polarization state of the transmitted or reflected electromagnetic waves can be manipulated by the micro/nanostructures at the subwavelength scale based on the effects of surface plasmonic polaritons (SPP) or localized surface plasmonics (LSP), Mie resonances, and geometric phase (also known as Pancharatnam–Berry phase, P–B phase), using which focusing, imaging and/or wavefront manipulation in the transmission or reflection can be achieved. Plasmonic lenses consist of an array of metal plasmonic antennas in which a phase discontinuity related to the geometry and dimension of the metallic antennas appears between the incident electromagnetic wave and the transmitted and/or reflected electromagnetic wave due to the SPP/LSP effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chiral Metalens of Circular Polarization Dichroism with Helical Surface Arrays in Mid‐Infrared Region

Sun

Guo

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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polarization manipulation elements have been the two of the most widely investigated device types because of the essential and indispensable functions of these elements. [5][6][7][8][9] In contrast with the traditional bulky optical lenses, a metalens is a micro/ nanostructured metasurface lens in which the amplitude, phase, and polarization state of the transmitted or reflected electromagnetic waves can be manipulated by the micro/nanostructures at the subwavelength scale based on the effects of surface plasmonic polaritons (SPP) or localized surface plasmonics (LSP), [10][11][12][13][14] Mie resonances, [15] and geometric phase (also known as Pancharatnam-Berry phase, P-B phase), [9,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] using which focusing, imaging and/or wavefront manipulation in the transmission or reflection can be achieved. Plasmonic lenses consist of an array of metal plasmonic antennas in which a phase discontinuity related to the geometry and dimension of the metallic antennas appears between the incident electromagnetic wave and the transmitted and/or reflected electromagnetic wave due to the SPP/LSP effects. The ability to generate a spherical wavefront or nondiffracting Bessel beam by an array of gold (Au)_ V-shaped nanoantennas with different geometries and dimensions has been experimentally demonstrated at telecom wavelengths. [13] A dual-polarity metalens consisting of an array of plasmonic dipole antennas on a glass substrate with various orientations has also been experimentally demonstrated, in which a convex or concave lens can be realized with an opposite circular polarized illumination, i.e., either left-handed circular polarization (LCP) or right-handed circular polarization (RCP). [14] Using the similar plasmonic dipoles made of subwavelength metallic nanorods with spatially varying orientations, high-resolution 3D holography can also be achieved. [25] Unlike the plasmonic lens, the all-dielectric metalens based on Mie resonances can also achieve focusing with high efficiency, and a metalens with Si elliptical disks with different dimensions embedded in glass substrate was proposed for this purpose. [15] Recently, the P-B phase has attracted much attention and has been employed in focusing/imaging of the optical metasurface. Unlike the propagation phase, the P-B phase is achieved using azimuth-varied nano/micrograting structures. [26,27] Each nano/microunit (metamolecule) of the metalens is similar to a local half-wave plate (HWP) with different azimuthal angle (θ), so that the circular polarization state of the transmission or reflection is orthogonal to that of the A chiral metalens of circular polarization dichroism (CPD) in the mid-infrared region of 3-5 µm is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally, in which one of the circularly polarized light beams (either left-handed or righthanded) is transmissively focused at a designed focal length, while the other beam is reflected. The metalens consists of subwavelength helical surface arrays covered by a gold thin film that gives r...

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Section: Theory and Structure Designsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Metalens of Circular Polarization Dichroism with Helical Surface Arrays in Mid‐Infrared Region

Sun

Guo

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Metasurfaces, the 2D version of MTMs, are drawing more and more attention and have become the new hot spot in the research of MTMs . Governed by the generalized Snell's laws of reflection and refraction, the abrupt phase changes on the interface as well as the surface impedances are modulated so as to realize desired functionalities, such as the manipulating the polarization of EM waves, holographic imaging and transforming wavefronts . It has also been used in the conversion of spatially propagating waves to surfaces waves .…”

Section: Metasurfaces and Other State‐of‐the‐art Microwave Mtmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Metamaterials

Chen

Tang

et al. 2019

Annalen der Physik

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Metamaterials (MTMs) are artificial materials composed of subwavelength particles, which are engineered to achieve various electromagnetic (EM) responses. Since the first practical realization and experimental verification of MTMs by Pendry et al. in the late 1990s, great efforts have been made in theoretical study as well as practical utilizations. Among them, the effective medium theory provides a basis for the description as well as an accurate method for the design of MTMs, and leads to the development of many novel devices with interesting functionalities. With the employment of transformation and geometric optics, more high-performance engineering applications have been realized using MTMs. Recently, the concept of metasurfaces has been proposed, which further promotes the practical applications of advanced MTMs. Herein, the effective medium theory is first introduced. After that, typical devices and applications based on conventional bulk MTMs and newly-conceived metasurfaces are summarized to demonstrate the flexible capability of microwave MTMs in the manipulation of EM waves.Metamaterials are different from other periodic structures such as photonic crystals and frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) because their unit cells are much smaller than the free-space wavelength. The subwavelength nature enables the metamaterials to Tianyi Chen received his B.Sc. degree from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 2013. He is currently working toward a Ph.D. degree in State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves at Southeast University. His research interests include metamaterials metasurfaces and antenna arrays. Wenxuan Tang received her B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in Cheung-Kong Professor. His research interests include metamaterials, plasmonics in microwave, and computational electromagnetics.be treated as a homogenous effective medium and characterized by effective constitutive parameters. In early researches, closed formed expressions for the constitutive parameters were obtained in static and quasistatic limits, [86][87][88] which usually takes the form of Lorentz-Drude models. These results provided some intuition of the physical features but cannot quantitatively characterize metamaterials. In ref.[18], a numerical approach based on scattering (S) parameter retrieval was proposed to obtain the effective permittivity and permeability for periodic metamaterial structures. This method is accurate in the derivation of effective parameters. However it relies on full-wave simulation of metamaterial structures and hence is inefficient and difficult to be used in the design of large-volume metamaterials.In 2007, a general effective medium theory [17] was proposed by Liu et al., which sets up a relationship between particle responses and macroscopic behaviors of metamaterials. A closed form expression was provided to modify the Lorentz-Drude model, which takes the effects of spatial dispersion into account

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“…In general, metasurfaces are constructed by arranging the different amplitudes and phases of each minimum pixel on a surface by changing the sizes or geometries of each meta‐atom to meet preset conditions and obtain desired field distribution for specific characteristics. [ 26–32 ] Another feasible method to construct multifunctional metasurfaces is to load tunable devices such as graphene, [ 33 ] diodes, [ 34,35 ] or microelectromechanical systems. [ 36 ] However, compared with passive metasurfaces, some limitations still exist, including complicated design, high insertion loss, and poor robustness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicity‐Dependent Multifunctional Metasurfaces for Full‐Space Wave Control

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Metasurfaces have been increasingly used in wireless communication applications, such as vortex beam generators, [14][15][16][17][18] lens antennas, [19][20][21][22][23] and asymmetric transmissions, as they present advantages including strong EM manipulation, a low profile, minimal loss, and easy processing. [24,25] Currently, most electronic devices are becoming miniaturized and highly integrated. Therefore, research on multifunctional metasurfaces has received considerable attention. In general, metasurfaces are constructed by arranging the different amplitudes and phases of each minimum pixel on a surface by changing the sizes or geometries of each meta-atom to meet preset conditions and obtain desired field distribution for specific characteristics. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Another feasible method to construct multifunctional metasurfaces is to load tunable devices such as graphene, [33] diodes, [34,35] or microelectromechanical systems. [36] However, compared with passive metasurfaces, some limitations still exist, including complicated design, high insertion loss, and poor robustness. Extending the function of passive metasurfaces is crucial in terms of economics and design difficulty. In general, the use of the independent characteristics of frequency and polarization for guiding the design of passive metasurfaces to achieve additional functionalities is feasible. [37][38][39][40] However, metasurface operations are limited to a half-space, transmission, or reflection mode without effectively manipulating the EM wave of full space. Recently, some full-space metasurfaces were used to achieve two spatial mode control of a linear polarized (LP) wave with a multilayer structure; [41][42][43][44][45] however, little information is available on the full-space work for a circular polarized (CP) wave with a two-layer structure. For many applications, such as antennas, circularly polarized radiation may present many advantages, including improved immunity to multipath distortion, polarization mismatch losses, and Faraday rotation effects caused by the ionosphere. [46][47][48] In this study, we proposed a strategy to design multifunctional metasurfaces with high-efficiency CP wave control in full-space by using an ultra-thin single board, for which the key was to engineer almost completely suppressed crosstalk among three substructures for the individual control of the triple sets of Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phases in both transmission and reflection modes. To prove the concept, we arbitrarily integrated Full-space manipulation of electromagnetic waves with a thin flat plate is particularly intriguing for large-angle scanning, functionality integration, and data capacity applications. However, majority of the designs to date are confined to linearly-polarized wave operations; these render the versatile full-space device operating under circularly-polarized waves unaddressed due to the critical issue of the geometric phase being hardly decoupled among reflections and transmissions. Herein, a strategy for a helici...

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Interference-assisted kaleidoscopic meta-plexer for arbitrary spin-wavefront manipulation

Cited by 160 publications

References 44 publications

Chiral Metalens of Circular Polarization Dichroism with Helical Surface Arrays in Mid‐Infrared Region

Chiral Metalens of Circular Polarization Dichroism with Helical Surface Arrays in Mid‐Infrared Region

Microwave Metamaterials

Helicity‐Dependent Multifunctional Metasurfaces for Full‐Space Wave Control

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