Interfacial mass transfer vs. Formulation in multiple phase anionic surfactant‐oil‐water systems

Fillous, Lauriane; Cárdenas, Antonio; Rouivere, Jacques; Salager, Jean‐Louis

doi:10.1007/s11743-999-0081-8

Cited by 19 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It can be said that the presence of 2‐butanol, and concomitant lower tension and absence of liquid crystal, entirely eliminates the transitional inversion hysteresis, at least in the concentration domain studied. This is perfectly consistent with recent findings linking high interfacial mass transfer rate to low interfacial tension,29–30 and rapid emulsion inversion31, 32 to the occurrence of SAOW microemulsion in the proximity of the three‐phase behaviour.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The unusual occurrence of such hysteresis behaviour may result from the formation of liquid crystals, often of the lamellar type at this surfactant concentration level (5 wt%), that form an onion skin multilayer structure which could be extremely efficient at stabilizing emulsions 28. 29 Liquid crystals are observed in all these systems, and thus could contribute to delaying the inversion of the O/W emulsion by protecting the oil droplets from coalescence when the temperature is elevated. Similarly, during the cooling of the W/O emulsion, a liquid crystal encapsulation formed above the PIT could prevent the water droplets from coalescing, thus delaying the inversion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsic connectivity of the rat subiculum: I. Dendritic morphology and patterns of axonal arborization by pyramidal neurons

Harris

Weinstein

Stewart

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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The dendritic and axonal morphology of rat subicular neurons was studied in single cells labeled with Neurobiotin. Electrophysiological classification of cells as intrinsic burst firing or regular spiking neurons was correlated with morphologic patterns and cell locations. Every cell had dendritic branches that reached the outer molecular layer, with most cells having branches that reached the hippocampal fissure. All but two pyramidal cells had axon collaterals that entered the deep white matter (alveus). Branching patterns of apical dendrites varied as a function of the cell's soma location along the fissure-alveus axis of the cell layer. The first major dendritic branch point for most cells occurred at the superficial edge of the cell layer giving deep cells long primary apical dendrites and superficial cells short or absent primary apical dendrites. In contrast, basal dendritic arbors were similar across cells regardless of cell position. Apical and basal dendrites of all cells had numerous spines. Superficial and deep cells also differed in axonal collateralization. Deep cells (mostly intrinsically bursting [IB] class) had one or more ascending axon collaterals that typically remained within the region circumscribed by their apical dendrites. Superficial cells (mostly regular spiking [RS] class) tended to have axon collaterals that reached longer distances in the cell layer. Numerous varicosities and axonal extensions were present on axon collaterals in the cell layer and in the apical dendritic region, suggesting intrinsic connectivity. Axonal varicosities and extensions were found on axons that entered presubiculum, entorhinal cortex or CA1, supporting the notion that these were projection cells. Local collaterals were distinctly thinner than collaterals that would leave the subiculum, suggesting little or no myelin on local collaterals and some myelin on efferent fibers. We conclude that both IB and RS classes of subicular principal cells make synaptic contacts in and apical to the cell layer. Based on the patterns of axonal arborization, we suggest that subiculum has at least a crude columnar and laminar architecture, with ascending collaterals of deep cells forming columns and broader axonal arbors of superficial cells serving to distribute activity across multiple columns.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic connectivity of the rat subiculum: I. Dendritic morphology and patterns of axonal arborization by pyramidal neurons

Harris

Weinstein

Stewart

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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show abstract

“…It can be said that the presence of 2-butanol, and concomitant lower tension and absence of liquid crystal, entirely eliminates the transitional inversion hysteresis, at least in the concentration domain studied. This is perfectly consistent with recent findings linking high interfacial mass transfer rate to low interfacial tension, [29][30] and rapid emulsion inversion 31,32 to the occurrence of SAOW microemulsion in the proximity of the three-phase behaviour.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…The unusual occurrence of such hysteresis behaviour may result from the formation of liquid crystals, often of the lamellar type at this surfactant concentration level (5 wt%), that form an onion skin multilayer structure which could be extremely efficient at stabilizing emulsions. 28,29 Liquid crystals are observed in all these systems, and thus could contribute to delaying the inversion of the O/W emulsion by protecting the oil droplets from coalescence when the temperature is elevated. Similarly, during the cooling of the W/O emulsion, a liquid crystal encapsulation formed above the PIT could prevent the water droplets from coalescing, thus delaying the inversion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hysteresis behaviour in temperature‐induced emulsion inversion

Márquez

Graciaa²,

Lachaise³

et al. 2003

Polymer International

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Emulsion inversion produced by a change in temperature usually takes place reversibly, ie at the same temperature whatever the direction of change. The present study indicates previously unreported hysteresis in a transitional inversion driven by a temperature variation in a non-ionic system containing Tween surfactant mixtures. In both directions of the temperature variation, a delay is exhibited with respect to the standard phase inversion temperature of the equilibrated system. The width of the hysteresis region depends on the rate of temperature change. This behaviour, which does not happen in the presence of alcohol, is attributed to the presence of liquid crystals.

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“…It can thus be said that there is a deep minimum in all the interfacial rheological properties at optimum formulation (HLD = 0), while for WI and WII systems away from it (HLD ≠ 0), high dilational elasticities and high interfacial viscosities are found. It should be remembered that microemulsion structures are transient, and that there are fast surfactant exchanges between the interface and the bulk of oil and water phases, which has been reported elsewhere (Fillous, Cardenas, Rouviere, & Salager, ). Therefore, the interfacial viscoelasticity is certainly also affected by these exchanges.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

New Interfacial Rheology Characteristics Measured using a Spinning‐Drop Rheometer at the Optimum Formulation of a Simple Surfactant–Oil–Water System

Márquez

Forgiarini

Fernández

et al. 2018

J Surfact & Detergents

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105

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A new spinning‐drop tensiometer with an oscillating rotation velocity was used to measure the interfacial rheological properties of systems with very low interfacial tensions in the zone close to the so‐called optimum formulation of surfactant–oil–water systems. 2 simple formulation scans were selected: One with an extended anionic surfactant using a salinity variation in the water phase, and another with a mixture of 2 nonionic surfactants in a scan produced by changing their proportion. With both systems it was corroborated that at optimum formulation (i.e., at hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) = 0), both the interfacial tension and the emulsion stability exhibit a deep minimum. A clear relationship was also found between the phase behavior and the interfacial rheological properties (dilational elasticity and viscosity). For the very first time and in both kinds of scans (salinity or average ethylene oxide number), it was found that the interfacial elastic modulus E and the interfacial viscosity, as well as the phase angle also exhibit a minimum at optimum formulation. These groundbreaking findings could be applied to emulsion instability at optimum formulation and to its applications in emulsion breaking.

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Interfacial mass transfer vs. Formulation in multiple phase anionic surfactant‐oil‐water systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Intrinsic connectivity of the rat subiculum: I. Dendritic morphology and patterns of axonal arborization by pyramidal neurons

Intrinsic connectivity of the rat subiculum: I. Dendritic morphology and patterns of axonal arborization by pyramidal neurons

Hysteresis behaviour in temperature‐induced emulsion inversion

New Interfacial Rheology Characteristics Measured using a Spinning‐Drop Rheometer at the Optimum Formulation of a Simple Surfactant–Oil–Water System

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