Interethnic clan identities among Cushitic-speaking pastoralists

Schlee, Günther

doi:10.2307/1159837

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…years BP, UCLA-21240;Soper 1982) is one such site interpreted as showing the presence of specialized pastoralists (Robbins 1984, p. 207). The archaeological evidence correlates to a loosely dated period when migrations of eastern Afro-Asiatic and eastern and western Nilo-Saharan speakers occurred into the basin from the north and east (Ehret 2011, p. 117-119;Schlee 1985;Spear and Waller 1993). MtDNA genetic analysis of 287 individuals from across Kenya, including Turkana, shows extensive admixture between East African communities sufficient to mask Bgenetic founders^of distinct populations (Castrì et al 2008; see also Batai et al 2013).…”

Section: Late Holocene 2500-200 Years Bpsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The legacy of population movements is evident from the present-day distribution of two language families and four subfamilies spread across the basin (Ehret 2011, p. 117-119;Schlee 1985;Spear and Waller 1993). The archaeological record is not clear whether nomadic forms of pastoralism that took root across eastern Africa coexisted with riparian-based subsistence or people shifted between subsistence regimes as the environment predicated.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Holocene Human-climate Interactions In the Turkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

et al. 2015

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Throughout the Holocene, Lake Turkana has been subject to drastic changes in lake levels and the subsistence strategies people employ to survive in this hot and arid region. In this paper, we reconstruct the position of the lake during the Holocene within a paleoclimatic context. Atmospheric forcing mechanisms are discussed in order to contextualize the broader landscape changes occurring in eastern Africa over the last 12,000 years. The Holocene is divided into five primary phases according to changes in the strand-plain evolution, paleoclimate, and human subsistence strategies practiced within the basin. Early Holocene fishing settlements occurred adjacent to high and relatively stable lake levels. A period of high-magnitude oscillations in lake levels Afr Archaeol Rev (2015) ensued after 9,000 years BP and human settlements appear to have been located close to the margins of the lake. Aridification and a final regression in lake levels ensued after 5,000 years BP and human communities were generalized pastoralists-fishers-foragers. During the Late Holocene, lake levels may have dropped below their present position and subsistence strategies appear to have been flexible and occasionally specialized on animal pastoralism. Modern missionary and government outposts have encouraged the construction of permanent settlements in the region, which are heavily dependent on outside resources for their survival. Changes in the physical and cultural environments of the Lake Turkana region have been closely correlated, and understanding the relationship between the two variables remains a vital component of archaeological research.Résumé Tout l'Holocène, le lac Turkana a été soumis à des changements drastiques dans l'altitude des lacs et les stratégies de subsistance des gens utilisent pour survivre dans cette région chaude et aride. Dans cet article, nous reconstruisons la position du lac au cours de l'Holocène dans un contexte paléoclimatique. Mécanismes de forçage atmosphériques sont discutées afin de contextualiser les changements de paysage plus larges qui se produisent en Afrique orientale au cours des 12.000 dernières années. L'Holocène est divisé en cinq phases principales en fonction des changements dans l'évolution altitude du lac, paléoclimats et les stratégies de subsistance humains pratiqués dans le bassin. Premiers établissements de pêche de l'Holocène ont eu lieu à proximité d'altitude d'eau élevés et relativement stables. Une période d'oscillations de grande amplitude dans l'altitude du lac s'ensuit après 9000 années BP et les établissements humains semblent avoir été situé à proximité des marges sur le lac. Aridification et une régression finale du altitude des lacs s'ensuit après 5000 années BP et les communautés humaines sont généralisées éleveurs-pêcheurs-cueilleurs. Au cours de l'Holocène tardif, les altitudes des lacs pourraient avoir chuté en dessous de leur position actuelle et les stratégies de subsistance semblent avoir fait preuve de souplesse et de temps en temps spécialisé sur le pas...

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Section: Late Holocene 2500-200 Years Bpsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Synthesis Of Holocene Human-climate Interactions In the Turkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

et al. 2015

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“…Clans cut across the region's ethnic boundaries, suggesting a common past and historically recent emergence of ethnicity as a significant social marker. 15 Also, age-sets cut across kin groups, such as lineages and clans, and provide the basis for pan-ethnic mobilization and identity. 16 Ethnicity encompasses the broadest identity group and is invoked to mobilize the largest and most violent raids.…”

Section: Ethnographic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain and Raids Revisited: Disaggregating Ethnic Group Livestock Raiding in the Ethiopian-Kenyan Border Region

et al. 2014

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Focusing on livestock raiding, a major form of violence in arid and semiarid regions, we evaluate the relationship between rainfall and intensity of violence, disaggregating ethnic groups that have somewhat different subsistence patterns. We do so to try to resolve previously published results and conclusions that appear contradictory -some research finding livestock violence higher in wet times suggestive of more violence in times of plenty; others finding violence higher in dry times suggestive of greater scarcity. Using rainfall from NASA and violence data from ACLED for the years 1998 -2009, we looked at the patterns of livestock-related violence for six different ethnic groups that have a home in the area in and around Marsabit district of Kenya. Different ethnic groups appear to have somewhat different patterns and we suggest how some of their cultural differences may explain these patterns. However, for most groups, intense violence is more common in drier times.

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“…Voir Granet (1939 : 117). populations de langues couchitiques de la Corne de l'Afrique (Schlee 1985 ;Schlee 1989). Des personnes se revendiquant de groupes ethniques distincts, et parlant des langues différentes -bien que toutes de la famille couchitiquese reconnaissent comme « frères et soeurs » étant donné leur appartenance à des clans équivalents, dotés de dénominations très généralement distinctes.…”

Section: Les éQuivalences Génonymiques (Et Assimilées) Dans La Régionunclassified

Un paysage de noms : génonymes, clans et ethnicités dans l’Inde du Nord-Est

Ramirez¹

2016

Onoma

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In India, surnames are a primary criteria of status recognition. Among many populations of the northeastern region, they correspond to clans and are thus recognized as a sign of membership to a particular tribe. However, assignments and spellings are not consensual and often become the issue of controversial identity claims. The spatial distribution of surnames builds a landscape within which different actors cut their own boundaries. As ethnicity issues are at the center of northeastern politics, the matter is not negligible. The mapping of surnames and surname identifications provide many insights into identity formation processes. And more generally the surname corpuses contained in the Indian electoral rolls are a fruitful resource for social anthropology when associated with traditional fieldwork.

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Interethnic clan identities among Cushitic-speaking pastoralists

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Rain and Raids Revisited: Disaggregating Ethnic Group Livestock Raiding in the Ethiopian-Kenyan Border Region

Un paysage de noms : génonymes, clans et ethnicités dans l’Inde du Nord-Est

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