Interdiffusion of Elements During Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

Pagan, Michael; Petrie, Christian M.; Leonard, Donovan N.; Zinkle, Steven J.; Babu, S. S.

doi:10.1007/s11661-020-06131-2

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…A recent theoretical calculation has revealed that the temperature increase caused by interfacial friction may surpass the recrystallisation threshold [25], and careful microscopy observations of the consolidated interface confirmed grain refinement, which is associated with dynamic recrystallisation [16,18,26]. Furthermore, dynamic recrystallisation can enhance atomic mobility and thus facilitate the formation of metallurgical bonds [27]. In the case of dissimilar metals with varying degrees of softness or hardness, such as aluminium and titanium, it is widely acknowledged that shear deformation occurring at the interface of the soft metal plays a crucial role in achieving consolidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure change of titanium layer in titanium/aluminium laminate metal composites during ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Zhou

Wang

Jiang

2023

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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This paper investigates the microstructural characteristics of Ti layer in ultrasonic additive manufacturing of Ti/Al laminate composites by electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that a face-centred cubic (FCC) phase is formed in the Ti matrix around the Ti/Al bonding interface, and it keeps (111) fcc (0002) hcp and [011] fcc [2110] hcp orientation relationship with hexagonal close-packed (HCP) Ti matrix. The phase transition from HCP to FCC occurs in the region with high shear strain, which is associated with the movement of Frank or Shockley partial dislocations. The high-volume fraction of FCC-Ti under high ultrasonic amplitude can favour the improvement in the Ti/Al interfacial bonding strength via enhancing the plastic deformability of Ti foil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure change of titanium layer in titanium/aluminium laminate metal composites during ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Zhou

Wang

Jiang

2023

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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“…Al and Cu alloys have been widely investigated by UAM due to their relatively low strength and soft/ductile nature [16,[31][32][33][34][35][36]. Typically, UAM is designed to be a hybrid process, where the fusion technique is coupled with a computer numerical control system, allowing for the combination of additive and subtractive manufacturing.…”

Section: Embedding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Embedded Sensors in Stainless Steel Test Articles and Design/Planning for MAGNET Testing

Hyer

Sweeney

Petrie

2021

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“…The lower formation temperature is expected to suppress the formation of brittle intermetallics, enabling the joining of different metal combinations using UAM [9]. Other work in [10] showed that some metal interdiffusion could be observed between metallized optical fibers and a different parent metal such as Al-Cu or Ni-Au. Using thermocouples embedded at the weld interface, the work in [11] showed that the formation temperature reaches a peak value near 150 • C for welding aluminum and copper alloys with a 9 kW welder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure of Aluminum Alloys Made via Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

2022

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Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) has garnered significant interest in the aerospace and automotive industries for its structural lightweighting and multi-material joining capabilities. This paper details the investigation on the effect of process variables on the resultant microstructure of the built-up part using UAM for aluminum 6061. The degree of recrystallization is quantified, and an energy metric, defined using the Read–Shockley relationship, is used to build an energy map of the welded part. The total energy stored in the resultant weld interface microstructure is quantified as a fraction of the input and is found to be about 0.1%. The width, average grain size, and percentage of High Angle Grain Boundaries (% HAGB) were used to compare microstructures of builds prepared using different processing conditions. Welding subsequent weld layers was not found to affect the previous welded layers. The effect of vibration amplitude and travel speed on the as-built microstructure were investigated, and the width of the interface was found to more than double when the weld amplitude is increased from the threshold value for joining (23 μm) and then stabilize at higher weld amplitudes. A better understanding of the effect of processing parameters on as-welded microstructures will assist parameter selection for UAM.

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Interdiffusion of Elements During Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

Cited by 14 publications

References 83 publications

Microstructure change of titanium layer in titanium/aluminium laminate metal composites during ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Microstructure change of titanium layer in titanium/aluminium laminate metal composites during ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Characterization of Embedded Sensors in Stainless Steel Test Articles and Design/Planning for MAGNET Testing

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure of Aluminum Alloys Made via Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

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