Interdependency Between Risk Assessments for Self and Other in the Field of Comparative Optimism: The Contribution of Response Times

Spitzenstetter, Florence; Schimchowitsch, Sarah

doi:10.1007/bf03395791

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…RTs were analysed as a function of a 2 (social context: professional vs friendship) × 3 (impression: favourable vs unfavourable vs without) between‐subjects ANOVA. Extreme outliers (RTs beyond two SD below or above mean score for each item) were removed and recoded as missing values (<5%) as classically done in implicit social cognition literature (Spitzenstetter & Schimchowitsch, ; Wentura & Degner, ). Our analysis revealed a main effect of the social context, F (1, 110) = 4.63, p < .03, η 2 = .04, and an interaction effect, F (2, 110) = 5.70, p < .004, η 2 = .09.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few recent studies have introduced RTs in the domain of CO research. These studies revealed that evaluating others' risk was more effortful than evaluating self's risk (Aucote & Gold, ; Spitzenstetter & Schimchowitsch, ). However, to our knowledge, RTs have never been used to investigate the cognitive effort required to convey a specific impression when answering a CO questionnaire.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative optimism: An automatised self‐presentational answer? The contribution of response times

Spitzenstetter

Schimchowitsch

2017

Australian Journal of Psychology

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Objective: Our study sought to explore, by using response time measures, the cognitive effort associated with comparative optimism expression (CO) and its modulation. More precisely, our aim was to decide between two opposite options: (1) expressing CO as a self-serving bias (presenting oneself as better than others) will require less cognitive effort than restraining CO; and (2) modulating CO depending on social context will be effortless, thus for example restraining CO as a normative self-presentational answer (for presenting oneself modestly) will require less cognitive effort than expressing CO. Methods: Participants answered a CO questionnaire in two social contexts in which CO is socially valued (professional domain) or not valued (friendship domain). They had to answer either spontaneously or in order to convey a favourable or an unfavourable impression. Answers and times needed to respond were recorded. Results: The present data revealed that participants were slower when restraining CO to convey a negative image to an employer or to depict a modest self to a friend. Conversely, they were faster when expressing CO to convey a favourable image to a recruiter or a negative one to a friend. In the spontaneous condition, a same level of CO was expressed, but response times were lengthened in the friendship domain. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that in comparing one's own risk with that of an average other, restraining CO according to the socially valued self-presentational standard of modesty corresponds to a strenuous answer. Consequently, expressing CO might represent a more overlearned, automatised self-presentational answer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative optimism: An automatised self‐presentational answer? The contribution of response times

Spitzenstetter

Schimchowitsch

2017

Australian Journal of Psychology

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“…While some studies have shown that the evaluation order (self before other, versus other before self) has no influence on the score of comparative optimism (Perloff & Fetzer, 1986), other studies have shown a greater comparative optimism using the other/self than the self/other condition (Hoorens & Buunk, 1993;Otten & Van der Pligt, 1996). Moreover, the recent study of Spitzenstetter and Schimchowitsch (2012) showed that the two evaluation orders do not correspond to strictly equivalent procedures; the other/self order requires extra cognitive effort (i.e., a higher response time) and leads to greater comparative optimism levels. Thus, in order to control the putative effect of the presentation order of the items measuring course takers' perception of their own risks and course takers' perception of the risks of the average same-sex and same-age driver, we randomly changed the presentation order of these items.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Are absolute and comparative judgements about road traffic-risks inherent in speeding realistic? A study among French traffic regulation offenders

Martha¹,

Delhomme²

2014

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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International audienceA few studies have shown that road users can express realistic risk judgements, in the sense that they perceive higher risk when their behavior is in fact riskier. Our aim was to examine whether the realism of absolute and comparative judgements about speeding risks could be found among an at-risk driver population made of 539 French traffic regulation offenders taking a driving licence points recovery course.The results showed that course takers’ absolute judgements regarding speeding-ticket risk were realistic: the more course-takers had the intention to drive fast and reported driving-related sensation-seeking (DRSS), the more they evaluated themselves as being at risk of having a speeding-ticket. The realism was also observed when considering comparative judgements regarding speeding-ticket risk, but only among the more than 25 years old participants. Moreover, the realism was not observed when considering course takers’ absolute and comparative judgements regarding speeding-induced crash risk. Hence, it is important to increase communication about the dangerousness of speeding among specific groups such as traffic regulation offenders, above all among young course takers who reported high speeds and DRSS

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“…Afin de disposer d'un outil permettant une évaluation des risques liés au stress professionnel, et donc de réaliser la comparaison « risque pour soi » versus « risque pour autrui », nous avons sélectionné une liste de 10 items, tirés du guide de l'Institut national de Tableau 1 Effectifs, moyennes et écarts-types des scores d'optimisme dans les 4 conditions résultant du croisement des deux échelles du questionnaire Karasek (latitude décisionnelle et demande psychologique) a `partir des médianes SUMER (Niedhammer et al, 2006) L'optimisme comparatif. À propos de l'optimisme comparatif, la question du choix de la méthode de mesure ne peut être éludée (Spitzenstetter & Schimchowitsch, 2012). Deux méthodes sont généralement utilisées : la méthode directe et la méthode indirecte.…”

Section: Mesuresunclassified

“…À propos de l’optimisme comparatif, la question du choix de la méthode de mesure ne peut être éludée (Spitzenstetter & Schimchowitsch, 2012). Deux méthodes sont généralement utilisées : la méthode directe et la méthode indirecte.…”

Section: éTudeunclassified

Optimisme comparatif en matière de risque de stress professionnel.

Roques¹,

Passerault

Esnard

et al. 2017

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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Il est maintenant reconnu que les pratiques de prévention du stress professionnel doivent prendre en compte la manière dont l'individu évalue sa relation avec son environnement de travail, notamment, sa propre exposition au risque. Dans cette perspective, trois études ont permis d'évaluer l'optimisme comparatif, biais perceptif consistant a `surestimer, pour soi-même et comparativement a `autrui, l'occurrence d'événements positifs et a `sous-estimer celle d'événements négatifs, en matière d'évaluation du risque de stress professionnel. Ce biais se manifeste quel que soit le point de référence considéré en premier dans l'évaluation, soi ou autrui (Étude 1), il n'est que réduit par l'expérience vécue en matière d'exposition au stress (Étude 2) et quasiment non affecté par le stress perçu en situation de travail (Étude 3). Ces résultats sont discutés quant a `leurs implications en matière d'actions de prévention du stress professionnel.

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Interdependency Between Risk Assessments for Self and Other in the Field of Comparative Optimism: The Contribution of Response Times

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Comparative optimism: An automatised self‐presentational answer? The contribution of response times

Comparative optimism: An automatised self‐presentational answer? The contribution of response times

Are absolute and comparative judgements about road traffic-risks inherent in speeding realistic? A study among French traffic regulation offenders

Optimisme comparatif en matière de risque de stress professionnel.

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