Intercostal‐to‐Phrenic Reflexes in the Spinal Cat

Decima, Emilio E.; Euler, Curt von; Thoden, U.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04412.x

Cited by 102 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In additional experiments, REMMERS [8] and DECIMA et al [21] have reported a similar inhibition of the diaphragm during electrical stimulation of group I and II afferent fibres in external intercostal nerves. Since this inhibitory response was also observed during high-frequency mechanical vibration of the ribs and was accentuated by the administration of succinylcholine, it was attributed to the stimulation of intercostal muscle spindles [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Effect of chest wall vibration on the canine diaphragm during breathing

Leduc

Troyer²

2002

European Respiratory Journal

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Effect of chest wall vibration on the canine diaphragm during breathing. D. Leduc, A. De Troyer. #ERS Journals Ltd 2002. ABSTRACT: High-frequency mechanical vibration of the ribcage reduces dyspnoea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the suggestion has been made that this effect might be related to a decrease in central respiratory drive resulting from an increase in afferent inputs from intercostal muscles. In the present studies, the effects of ribcage vibration on central respiratory drive have been assessed without the confounding influence of conscious reactions.The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the diaphragm and the changes in pleural (Ppl) and abdominal (Pab) pressure were measured in six anaesthetized, spontaneouslybreathing dogs while the rostral, the middle, or the caudal portion of the ribcage was vibrated at intervals during inspiration. The EMG activity of the external and parasternal intercostals was also measured.Ribcage vibration consistently elicited a marked increase in the inspiratory EMG activity recorded from the external intercostals, thus indicating that the procedure did activate intercostal muscle spindles. However, no alteration in diaphragmatic or parasternal intercostal EMG activity was seen in any animal. Transdiaphragmatic pressure and the relationship between DPab and DPpl during inspiration were also unaltered.The authors conclude that ribcage vibration and, with it, stimulation of external intercostal muscle spindles has no significant influence on phrenic motoneurones or on medullary inspiratory neurones. It is unlikely, therefore, that the beneficial effect of the procedure on dyspnoea results from a specific reduction in central respiratory drive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Effect of chest wall vibration on the canine diaphragm during breathing

Leduc

Troyer²

2002

European Respiratory Journal

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“…In order to test the effect of muscle stimulation, it was therefore necessary to induce prior activation of phrenic discharge by means of the intercostal-to-phrenic reflex, which was stimulated in three ways. Two were mechanical, involving regular and rhythmic manual compression of the lower thorax posteriorly or rhythmic tapping by means of a metal bar of the lower thorax anteriorly (Decima et al 1969). For the third, one or more intercostal nerves (T9-T10) were exposed, cut distally and the central ends placed on stimulating electrodes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a conclusion does not rule out the possibility, however, that there is a direct spinal reflex component of the respiratory response to stimulation of leg muscle afferents. There are precedents for this hypothesis in that stimulation of receptors in the intercostal muscles or their afferents do have a spinally mediated facilitatory effect on phrenic motoneurones in spinal cats (Downman, 1955;Decima, von Euler & Thoden, 1969;Remmers, 1973), although in animals with intact ponto-medullary control centers the net effect is inhibitory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal inhibition of phrenic motoneurones by stimulation of afferents from peripheral muscles.

Eldridge¹,

Gill-Kumar²,

Millhorn³

et al. 1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Phrenic nerve responses to stimulation of calf muscle receptors or their afferents were studied in two groups of cats. One consisted of paralysed, vagotomized and functionally glomectomized animals with intact central nervous systems. The other included paralysed high (C1) spinal animals whose phrenic nerve activity was either spontaneously tonic or phasic, or evoked by activation of the intercostal-to-phrenic reflex. In both groups, end-tidal Pco, was maintained at a constant level by means of a servo-controller.2. Physical stimulation of calf muscles in animals with intact central respiratory controller had a generally facilitatory effect on frequency, with appropriate changes of both inspiratory and expiratory durations, and on peak magnitude of phrenic (neural tidal) activity. However, for the first few see after onset ofthe stimulus, neural tidal activity was inhibited.3. Physical stimulation of calf muscles or electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve in high spinal animals uniformly caused inhibition of spontaneous phrenic activity and that evoked by facilitatory conditioning stimuli. The degree of inhibition gradually decreased as muscle stimulation continued. Following offset of muscle stimulation, post-stimulus augmentation of phrenic activity occurred, with subsequent gradual return to control level over a period of 20-25 sec.4. We conclude that stimulation of muscle afferents in the leg has a predominantly facilitatory respiratory effect when acting through brain stem controller mechanisms, but also has a purely inhibitory effect on phrenic motoneurones when acting via spinal mechanisms.5. In addition, the findings are consistent with (1) progressive accommodation of phrenic motoneurones during continued inhibitory input, and (2) with a large and prolonged post-inhibitory rebound of excitability.

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“…The excitatory response of diaphragmatic EMG to chest compression may correspond to the spinal intercostal-to-phrenic reflex arising from caudal intercostal afferents (Decima, Euler & Thoden, 1969 Decerebrate preparations (protocols 2 and 3). The respiratory pattern was unequivocally altered in fourteen of fifteen animals subjected to combined lateral cervical cord lesion and decerebration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lateral cervical cord lesions on the respiratory rhythm of anaesthetized, decerebrate cats after vagotomy

Remmers¹,

Tsiaras²

1973

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The lateral cervical cord of vagotomized, anaesthetized cats was superficially lesioned at the C3 or the C7 level before or after midcollicular decerebration.2. These cord lesions eliminated the inhibition of diaphragmatic discharge caused by chest compression. Previous work (Remmers, 1973) indicates that this change can be attributed to loss of reflex inhibition of inspiratory activity by intercostal afferents, probably as a result of interruption of tracts ascending in the lateral columns.3. Decerebrate cats with bilateral cervical cord lesions displayed abnormal respiratory patterns, ranging from apnoea to apneusis.4. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the lateral columns carry proprioceptive feed-back from intercostal mechanoreceptors which promotes rhythmic breathing in the anaesthetized decerebrate cat.

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Intercostal‐to‐Phrenic Reflexes in the Spinal Cat

Cited by 102 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of chest wall vibration on the canine diaphragm during breathing

Effect of chest wall vibration on the canine diaphragm during breathing

Spinal inhibition of phrenic motoneurones by stimulation of afferents from peripheral muscles.

Effect of lateral cervical cord lesions on the respiratory rhythm of anaesthetized, decerebrate cats after vagotomy

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